Channel Astronomy (Brief Introduction): Astronomical Signal Channel Processing Mode

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
宇 陈
Keyword(s):  
Processing Mode ◽  
Signal Channel

Information capacity and bandwidth limitations in the SEM

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
D. C. Joy ◽  
R. D. Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Information Capacity ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal Channel

The information available from an SEM image is limited both by the inherent signal to noise ratio that characterizes the image and as a result of the transformations that it may undergo as it is passed through the amplifying circuits of the instrument. In applications such as Critical Dimension Metrology it is necessary to be able to quantify these limitations in order to be able to assess the likely precision of any measurement made with the microscope.The information capacity of an SEM signal, defined as the minimum number of bits needed to encode the output signal, depends on the signal to noise ratio of the image - which in turn depends on the probe size and source brightness and acquisition time per pixel - and on the efficiency of the specimen in producing the signal that is being observed. A detailed analysis of the secondary electron case shows that the information capacity C (bits/pixel) of the SEM signal channel could be written as :

ANALYSIS OF THE ACCURACY OF ELECTROMECHANICAL MICROMACHINING

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Morgunov ◽  
B.P. Saushkin ◽  
N.V. Homyakova
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Machining Error ◽  
Processing Mode ◽  
Primary Error ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Size Tolerance

The achieved accuracy in the electrochemical performance of understatement with a depth of 18 mcm with a tolerance of 4.5 mcm in a flow-through interelectrode channel is studied. The primary error of the size. The allowed absolute and relative errors of processing mode parameters are set. Keywords: UNDERSTATEMENT, ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING, ERROR, PRECISION SIZE, TOLERANCE, PROCESSING MODE. [email protected]

Features of rolled billets milling and methods for its improvement

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
M.Z. Pevzner ◽  
S.A. Smertin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Relief ◽  
Regression Dependence ◽  
Processing Mode ◽  
Hot Rolled

A model of the formation of the surface relief hiring milling of rolled billets and a method for selecting the milling mode based determining the regression dependence of the resulting relief on the processing mode are proposed. It is shown that the regulation of the processing mode as the tool wears out allows to increase the milling resource and productivity. Keywords hot rolled strips, milling, rolling, relic resistance, mill. [email protected]

Protocol Design for Free Space Optical (FSO) Communication

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1178-1184
Author(s):  
Ru Hai Guo ◽  
Chang Shun Liu ◽  
Heng Kun Wang ◽  
Jin Wu ◽  
Jun Feng Chong
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Data Stream ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Exception Handling ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Serial Data ◽  
Fpga Chip ◽  
Signal Channel ◽  
Wired Communication

A new transceiving protocol is designed for an FSO communication system, and it’s discussed from the transmitting protocol and the receiving protocol. Different from wired communication, a FSO system modulates the data on a narrow beam of laser transmitting through the free space or the atmosphere, and the protocol is optimized for terrestrial FSO links. Due to the complex composition and activity of the atmosphere, this signal channel brings in great influence on the transmitting laser in it. The function of the receiving protocol includes filtering and synchronizing the input serial data stream, paralleling the serial data stream, decoding the input data, error checking, and exception handling and interfacing the outer receiver with a parallel port. The transceiving protocol could be programmed into a single FPGA chip to improve system integrity and reduce the system cost. We also test the hardware platform and communication protocol and give the waveform. The experiment and Simulation prove that the protocol presented can work well at a certain bit rate scale.

scholarly journals Asymmetric sampling in human auditory cortex reveals spectral processing hierarchy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Giroud ◽  
Agnès Trébuchon ◽  
Daniele Schön ◽  
Patrick Marquis ◽  
Catherine Liegeois-Chauvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Processing Mode ◽  
Cortical Hierarchy ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Cortical Auditory Processing

AbstractSpeech perception is mediated by both left and right auditory cortices, but with differential sensitivity to specific acoustic information contained in the speech signal. A detailed description of this functional asymmetry is missing, and the underlying models are widely debated. We analyzed cortical responses from 96 epilepsy patients with electrode implantation in left or right primary, secondary, and/or association auditory cortex. We presented short acoustic transients to reveal the stereotyped spectro-spatial oscillatory response profile of the auditory cortical hierarchy. We show remarkably similar bimodal spectral response profiles in left and right primary and secondary regions, with preferred processing modes in the theta (∼4-8 Hz) and low gamma (∼25-50 Hz) ranges. These results highlight that the human auditory system employs a two-timescale processing mode. Beyond these first cortical levels of auditory processing, a hemispheric asymmetry emerged, with delta and beta band (∼3/15 Hz) responsivity prevailing in the right hemisphere and theta and gamma band (∼6/40 Hz) activity in the left. These intracranial data provide a more fine-grained and nuanced characterization of cortical auditory processing in the two hemispheres, shedding light on the neural dynamics that potentially shape auditory and speech processing at different levels of the cortical hierarchy.Author summarySpeech processing is now known to be distributed across the two hemispheres, but the origin and function of lateralization continues to be vigorously debated. The asymmetric sampling in time (AST) hypothesis predicts that (1) the auditory system employs a two-timescales processing mode, (2) present in both hemispheres but with a different ratio of fast and slow timescales, (3) that emerges outside of primary cortical regions. Capitalizing on intracranial data from 96 epileptic patients we sensitively validated each of these predictions and provide a precise estimate of the processing timescales. In particular, we reveal that asymmetric sampling in associative areas is subtended by distinct two-timescales processing modes. Overall, our results shed light on the neurofunctional architecture of cortical auditory processing.

scholarly journals 留守经历对大学生社交焦虑的影响 ——以一例大学生社交焦虑症个案为例

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
胜杰 胡 ◽  
颖 韩
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Attachment Relationship ◽  
Processing Mode ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Cognitive Information

本研究以一例大学生社交焦虑症来访者为例，通过严格的个案概念化形成对其认知信息加工模式的评估和理解 , 选用认知行为疗法进行咨询 , 并采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对求助者进行咨询前后测评，评估症状改善情况。结果：有留守经历大学生在人际互动中特有的认知信息加工模式可能为：他人和世界是冷漠的，不可能获得爱和理解。咨询后求助者躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分均低于前测，主观困扰减少。结论：（1）认知行为疗法可以对个体的认知信息加工模式形成有效的理解。（2）有留守经历大学生因早年缺乏父母的关爱和陪伴，很难形成安全型依恋关系。（3）这种不安全型依恋关系会内化形成自己的内部工作模式，对其认知信息加工模式产生长期的负面影响。 Taking a case of a visitor who is a college student with social anxiety as an example, through the evaluation and understanding of his processing mode of cognitive information formed by strict case conceptualization, the study selects and uses cognitive behavioral therapy for counseling, and adopts SCL-90 to evaluate the patient before and after counseling, and evaluates the improved condition of symptoms. Results: In interpersonal interaction, the typical processing mode of cognitive information of college students with left-behind experience may be that others and the world are indifferent, and love and understanding are hardly gained from them. After consulting, with the reduced subjective distress, the scores of somatization, depression and anxiety factors of help seekers were lower than those of the pretest. Conclusion: (1) Cognitive behavioral therapy can form an effective understanding of processing mode of individual cognitive information; (2) College students with left-behind experience can hardly form a secure attachment relationship because they grow up without the care and company from their parents; (3) This insecure attachment relationship will internalize and form its own internal working mode, which will have a long-term negative impact on its processing mode of cognitive information.

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