scholarly journals ULTRACYTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE AND THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE NERVE CELLS OF THE CEREBRUM OF THIAMINE-DEFICIENT RATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARUM S. DABHOLKAR ◽  
KAZUO OGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE AND THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROSECRETORY CELLS OF THE RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Osinchak
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity ◽  
Supraoptic Nuclei ◽  
Electron Microscopic Localization

Supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus of rats were fixed for the electron microscope by vascular perfusion with solutions of glutaraldehyde followed by post fixation with osmium tetroxide. Cytochemical methods for detection of acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activity have been applied to glutaraldehyde-fixed frozen sections containing the neurosecretory cells. The enzyme activities have been localized to certain Golgi cisternae. Acid phosphatase activity is present in the large (0.4 µ to 1.0 µ) granules or dense bodies which are surrounded by a single limiting membrane; both features characterize these structures as lysosomes. Smaller (0.1 µ) granules also present in the perikarya are generally unreactive towards enzyme activity and resemble in form the neurosecretory granules in the neurohypophysis.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF LYSOSOMES IN RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE IN TRICHINOUS MYOSITIS

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID M. MAEIR ◽  
HERMAN ZAIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity

Rat striated muscle (gastroenemius) containing encysted Trichinella larvae was studied histochemically for hydrolases associated with lysosomes. Activity of the enzymes studied (acid phosphatase, esterase, aminopeptidase), not demonstrable in appreciable amounts in normal striated muscle, appears in the altered muscle fibers in granules which by various criteria are demonstrated to be lysosomes. The increase in lysosomal enzyme activity is accompanied by increased prominence of the Golgi apparatus, as demonstrated by thiamine pyrophosphatase activity, and by an increase in the ribonucleoprotein content of the muscle fibers. These changes illustrate the facultative development of lysosomes and their associated ferments during a regenerative process. They suggest the need for a revision of the classic concept of the primarily degenerative nature of the trichinous lesion as well as a possible role of the developing lysosomes in this process.

Phosphatases in the Neurones of Locusta Migratoria

1963 ◽  
Vol s3-104 (68) ◽  
pp. 475-481
Author(s):  
ROSEMARY S. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Motor Neurones ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity

Frozen sections of motor neurones in the thoracic ganglia of Locusta migratoria were treated for thiamine pyrophosphatase activity and for acid phosphatase activity. The TPPase-positive bodies range from 0.5 to 1.25 µ diameter and appear to be the small, membrane-bound inclusions described by Ashhurst and Chapman (1962) in their electron-microscope work; these are the smaller lipochondria of Shafiq (1953). The acid-phosphatase-positive bodies range from 1 to 2.5 µ, diameter and seem to be the lamellar aggregates described by Ashhurst and Chapman that are very similar to γ-cytomembranes, and which are the larger lipochondria of Shafiq. It is concluded that the enzyme content of the γ-cytomembranes is very different in this cell from their content in the vertebrate neurone, and doubt is thrown on the usefulness of TPPase activity as a marker for the Golgi apparatus in invertebrate tissue.

Formation of chlamydospores in Gilbertella persicaria

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 908-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Powell ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
David J. Sternshein
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Transparent Layer ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Gilbertella Persicaria

The cytological events involved in the transformation of vegetative hyphae of the zygomycete Gilbertella persicaria (Eddy) Hesseltine into chlamydospores were studied with light and electron microscopy. Thirty hours after sporangiospores were inoculated into YPG broth, swellings appeared along the aseptate hyphae. Later, septa, traversed by plasmodesmata, delimited each end of the hyphal swellings and compartmentalized these hyphal regions as they differentiated into chlamydospores. Nonswollen regions adjacent to chlamydospores remained as isthmuses. Two additional wall layers appeared within the vegetative wall of the developing chlamydospores. An alveolate, electron-dense wall formed first, and then an electron-transparent layer containing concentrically oriented fibers formed between this layer and the plasma membrane. Rather than a mere condensation of cytoplasm, development and maturation of the multinucleate chlamydospores involved extensive cytoplasmic changes such as an increase in reserve products, lipid and glycogen, an increase and then disappearance of vacuoles, and the breakdown of many mitochondria. Underlying the plasma membrane during chlamydospore wall formation were endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies, vesicles with fibrillar contents, vesicles with electron-transparent contents, and cisternal rings containing the Golgi apparatus marker enzyme, thiamine pyrophosphatase. Acid phosphatase activity was localized cytochemically in a cisterna which enclosed mitochondria and in vacuoles which contained membrane fragments. Tightly packed membrane whorls and single membrane bounded sacs with finely granular matrices surrounding vacuoles were unique during chlamydospore development. Microbodies were rare in the mature chlamydospore, but endoplasmic reticulum was closely associated with lipid globules. As chlamydospores developed, the cytoplasm in the isthmus became highly vacuolated, lipid globules were closely associated with vacuoles, mitochondria were broken down in vacuoles, unusual membrane configurations appeared, and eventually the membranes degenerated. Unlike chlamydospores, walls of the isthmus did not thicken, but irregularly shaped appositions containing numerous channels formed at intervals on the inside of these walls. The pattern of cytoplasmic transformations during chlamydospore development is similar to events leading to the formation of zygospores and sporangiospores.

Intracellular digestion and cellular defecation in a monogenean, Diclidophora merlangi

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Halton
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Lysosomal System ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity

The ultrastructural and cytochemical changes accompanying intracellular digestion and cellular defecation in the haematin cell of Diclidophora merlangi have been described. Blood proteins of the host-fish are sequestered by endocytosis and degraded within an interconnecting network of channels that form an integral, but changing, part of the cell. The digestive enzymes involved originate in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and are packaged in the Golgi apparatus and transferred to the channels in Golgi vesicles. The rate of haemoglobin absorption and the activity of the Golgi, as judged by vesicle counts and staining intensities for thiamine pyrophosphatase activity, are stimulated by the introduction of host protein into the gut lumen. The haematin residues of digestion are extruded periodically into the lumen by exocytosis involving membrane fusion. The process is a continuous one and, in worms starved of food, can result in the complete evacuation of pigment from the cell. It is suggested that a lysosomal system operates in the digestive cycle of the haematin cell.

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