scholarly journals Electron microscopic visualization of acidic glycoconjugates by means of postembedding procedures using ruthenium red and tungstate.

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIFUMI HIRABAYASHI ◽  
TAKANORI SAKAGAMI ◽  
KAZUYORI YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Electron Microscopic

Branching morphogenesis in the avian lung: electron microscopic studies using cationic dyes

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Betty C. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Interparticle Spacing ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Avian Lung

The developing chick lung was examined in the electron microscope for intimate cell contacts between epithelium and mesenchyme, discontinuities in the basal lamina and substructure of the basement membrane. Cell filopodia were seen which crossed the basal lamina from both the epithelial and the mesenchymal cells. Ruthenium red and tannic acid staining of the basal lamina of the chick lung showed it to be thin and sometimes discontinuous at the tips compared to the more substantial basal lamina in the interbud areas. The bilaminar distribution of particles seen with ruthenium red is similar to those seen in the cornea and lens. With tannic acid staining, filaments could be seen which crossed the lamina lucida and connected with the lamina densa. Spikes perpendicular to the basal lamina were sometimes seen with a periodicity of approximately 110 nm. Alcian blue staining revealed structure similar to that seen by ruthenium red staining in the salivary and mammary glands, although the interparticle spacing was closer. Collagen was located in areas of morphogenetic stability, as has been seen by other investigators in different tissues. Collagen was coated with granules (probably proteoglycan) at periodic intervals when stained with ruthenium red. The fibrils were oriented circumferentially around the mesobronchus and were assumed to continue into the bud, but the fibres curve laterally at the middle of a bud. This orientation is opposite to that seen by another investigator in the mouse lung. In general, the observations made in the avian lung are similar to those seen in branching mammalian tissue. It is likely, therefore, that the chick lung uses strategies in its morphogenesis that are similar to those that have been elucidated previously in developing mammalian organs.

Adhesion of the Boston ivy tendril

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 918-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton G. Endress ◽  
William W. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Contact Interface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
Adhesive Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Tactile stimulation of Boston ivy tendrils results in the development of bilaterally symmetric discs which adhere to substrates in the vicinity of the tendrils. Our electron microscopic examination of the tendrils indicates that adhesive secretion occurs from the peripheral cells at the contact face of the discs. Cell walls in this region develop pockets which fill with adhesive and ultimately coalesce. In fully adherent discs, the adhesive occupies the region between the substrate and the cells as well as the intracellular regions between the peripheral cells. While a cuticle was present on immature discs, no cuticle-like material was observed at the contact interface of mature discs.Staining of the adhesive was enhanced by ruthenium red and potassium ferrocyanide treatments, and the adhesive bound both colloidal iron and thorium. These results indicated that the adhesive is possibly a mucopolysaccharide.

Morphology and ultrastructure of oral strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-600
Author(s):  
S C Holt ◽  
A C Tanner ◽  
S S Socransky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Haemophilus Aphrophilus ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Amorphous Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Selected human oral and nonoral strains of the genera Actinobacillus and Haemophilus were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The strains examined were morphologically identical to recognized Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus. By transmission electron microscopy, the cells were typically gram negative in morphology, with several strains possessing some extracellular ruthenium red-staining polymeric material. Numerous vesicular structures, morphologically identical to lipopolysaccharide vesicles, were seen to originate from and be continuous with the surface of the outer membrane. Large numbers of these vesicles were also found in the external environment. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that both actinobacilli and haemophili possessed surface projections and an amorphous surface material which connected and covered adjacent cells.

Characterization of the ryanodine receptor/channel of invertebrate muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. R494-R502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry E. Quinn ◽  
Loriana Castellani ◽  
Karol Ondrias ◽  
Barbara E. Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Single Channel Currents ◽  
Channel Currents ◽  
Bell Shaped Curve

Electron-microscopic analysis was used to show that invertebrate muscle has feetlike structures on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) displaying the typical four-subunit appearance of the calcium (Ca2+) release channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR) observed in vertebrate skeletal muscle (K. E. Loesser, L. Castellani, and C. Franzini-Armstrong. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 13: 161–173, 1992). SR vesicles from invertebrate muscle exhibited specific ryanodine binding and single channel currents that were activated by Ca2+, caffeine, and ATP and inhibited by ruthenium red. The single channel conductance of this invertebrate RyR was lower than that of the vertebrate RyR (49 and 102 pS, respectively). Activation of lobster and scallop SR Ca2+ release channel, in response to cytoplasmic Ca2+ (1 nM–10 mM), reflected a bell-shaped curve, as is found with the mammalian RyR. In contrast to a previous report (J.-H. Seok, L. Xu, N. R. Kramarcy, R. Sealock, and G. Meissner. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 15893–15901, 1992), our results show that regulation of the invertebrate and vertebrate RyRs is quite similar and suggest remarkably similar paths in these diverse organisms.

Electron microscopic localization of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in pleomorphic adenomas

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 774-775
Author(s):  
Ronald Lam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Major Salivary Gland ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenomas ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining

Although “myoepithelial” cells in pleomorphic adenomas have been implicated by several ultrastructural studies as responsible for the production of myxomatous and chondroid stroma, the cellular source of stromal glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans has yet to be demonstrated histochemically by electron microscopy.Three major salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas were examined by electron microscopy after fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and in 0.2% ruthenium red-glutaraldehyde. Routine ultrastructural preparations revealed a spectrum of cells with epithelial and mesenchymal features. The mesenchymal cells in the myxoid region displayed intracytoplasmic 70-80Å microfilaments, prominent Golgi complex, RER, and secretory vesicles. The fine structural appearance with ruthenium red stained tissue was similar to that of routine preparations. However, with ruthenium red staining, proteoglycans of the myxoid stroma could be visualized as numerous extracellular 250-500Å polygonal matrix granules with fine projecting filaments (Fig. 1A). Similar positive ruthenium red stained intracellular granules were observed within the cytoplasmic vacuoles of the mesenchymal cells, a feature not present in cells with epithelial differentiation (Fig. 1B).

Electron microscopic observations on pulmonary connective tissue stained by Ruthenium Red

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihiko Takusagawa ◽  
Fumio Ariji ◽  
Kuniji Shida ◽  
Toshio Sato ◽  
Noboru Asoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Pulmonary Connective Tissue

scholarly journals Identification of glycoproteins associated with elastin-associated microfibrils.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Fanning ◽  
E G Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Aldehyde Groups ◽  
Nuchal Ligament

The microfibrils associated with elastic tissue have been shown to be predominantly proteinaceous. On the basis of their affinity for cationic stains, including ruthenium red, they have been assumed to be glycoprotein, but more evidence to support this claim has not been adduced. Despite repeated investigation of glycoprotein materials obtained by extraction of elastic tissues with reagents that appear to remove microfibrils, the chemical composition of elastin-associated microfibrils remains obscure. An electron microscopic study of the microfibrils in two elastin-rich tissues (bovine nuchal ligament and aorta) during their development was pursued using more specific histochemical methods. The periodic acid-alkaline bismuth stain (analogous to the periodic acid-Schiff stain for glycoproteins in light microscopy) has been adapted for this study. Specific aldehyde groups (confirmed by blocking with m-aminophenol or sodium borohydride) were identified after periodate oxidation as fine granules of bismuth stain. These were shown to localize specifically along the elastin-associated microfibrils in a finely punctate form. Staining of the amorphous elastic component did not occur except for a fine rim adjacent to the microfibrils. Lectin binding with concanavalin A (with ferritin markers) confirmed that there are glucose- or mannose-containing proteins associated with the microfibrillar component of elastic tissue. This was true of these microfibrils in all layers of the aortic wall and throughout the ligament. It was also true of mature adult tissues in which there was a lesser proportion of microfibrils. It is concluded that elastin-associated microfibrils really are associated with glycoprotein(s).

scholarly journals Production of mucoid microcolonies by Pseudomonas aeruginosa within infected lungs in cystic fibrosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 546-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lam ◽  
R Chan ◽  
K Lam ◽  
J W Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Large Fiber ◽  
Bead Method

Direct electron microscopic examination of postmortem lung material from cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa has shown that these bacterial cells form distinct fiber-enclosed microcolonies in the infected alveoli. Similar examination of bronchoscopy material from infected cystic fibrosis patients showed that the fibres of the enveloping matrix are definitely associated with the bacterial cells. The fibers of the extracellular matrix stain with ruthenium red and are therefore presumed to be polyanionic. When mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa were recovered from cystic fibrosis patients and grown in a suitable liquid medium, they were found to produce large microcolonies whose component cells were embedded in a very extensive matrix of polyanionic fibers that could be stabilized by reaction with antibodies to prevent collapse during the dehydration steps of preparation for electron microscopy. When these mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa were used to produce pulmonary infections of rats by the agar bead method, the infected alveoli contained large fiber-enclosed bacterial microcolonies. We conclude that the cells of P. aeruginosa that infect cystic fibrosis patients form microcolonies that are enveloped in a fibrous anionic matrix and that these microcolonies can be duplicated in in vitro cultures and in animal model systems.

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