scholarly journals CXCL14-like Immunoreactivity Exists in Somatostatin-containing Endocrine Cells, and in the Lamina Propria and Submucosal Somatostatinergic Nervous System of Mouse Alimentary Tract

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohumi Suzuki ◽  
Kentaro Yamada ◽  
Yasuhiro Matsuda ◽  
Minoru Onozuka ◽  
Toshiharu Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Alimentary Tract

Immunohistochemical localization of chromogranin A and B in the endocrine cells of the alimentary tract of the green frog, Rana esculenta

1994 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana D'Este ◽  
Roberto Buffa ◽  
Micaela Pelagi ◽  
Antonio G. Siccardi ◽  
Tindaro Renda
Keyword(s):  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Green Frog

scholarly journals Characterization of Schizophrenia Adverse Drug Interactions through a Network Approach and Drug Classification

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingchun Sun ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Ayman H. Fanous ◽  
Zhongming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Adverse Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Classification

Antipsychotic drugs are medications commonly for schizophrenia (SCZ) treatment, which include two groups: typical and atypical. SCZ patients have multiple comorbidities, and the coadministration of drugs is quite common. This may result in adverse drug-drug interactions, which are events that occur when the effect of a drug is altered by the coadministration of another drug. Therefore, it is important to provide a comprehensive view of these interactions for further coadministration improvement. Here, we extracted SCZ drugs and their adverse drug interactions from the DrugBank and compiled a SCZ-specific adverse drug interaction network. This network included 28 SCZ drugs, 241 non-SCZs, and 991 interactions. By integrating the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification with the network analysis, we characterized those interactions. Our results indicated that SCZ drugs tended to have more adverse drug interactions than other drugs. Furthermore, SCZ typical drugs had significant interactions with drugs of the “alimentary tract and metabolism” category while SCZ atypical drugs had significant interactions with drugs of the categories “nervous system” and “antiinfectives for systemic uses.” This study is the first to characterize the adverse drug interactions in the course of SCZ treatment and might provide useful information for the future SCZ treatment.

scholarly journals 31. Histological of Tractus Digestivus of Domestical Catfish (Clarias batracus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliman Irfandi ◽  
Cut Dahlia Iskandar ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin ◽  
Dian Masyitha ◽  
Fitriani Fitriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Club Cells ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Domestical catfish is grouped into omnivora, although the fish is tended into carnivora.  The aim of the present study was to investigate histology of alimentary tract of domestical catfish (Clarias batrachus). In order to determine alimentary tract of domestical catfish, oesophagus, gastric and intestines is investigated by Haematoxilin Eosin. Histology exploration was performed each layer of alimentary tract’s wall consist of lamina epithelia, propria, and muscularis mucosa. Collagen connective tissue was developed tunica submucosa. The muscle of tunica muscularis was performed circular and elongated. Dense connective tissue and blood vessels was located in the tunica serosa. Histology exploration revealed has stratified squamous epithelium, mucosit cells, eosinophilic club cells on the lamina epithelia, and taste buds on the lamina propria in oesophagus. Gastric was establised simple prismatic cells, and glands of gastric on the lamina propria. Furthermore intestine was showed villi and goblet cells. There were not showed Brunner and Liberkhun gland. In conclusion, histology of alimentary tract was revealed from tunica mucosa, submucosa, and serosa.

scholarly journals Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin?

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Wang ◽  
Keith A. Sharkey ◽  
Derek M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Enteroendocrine System ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Made In

The mammalian gut is a remarkable organ: with a nervous system that rivals the spinal cord, it is the body’s largest repository of immune and endocrine cells and houses an immense and complex microbiota. Infection with helminth parasites elicits a conserved program of effector and regulatory immune responses to eradicate the worm, limit tissue damage, and return the gut to homeostasis. Discrete changes in the nervous system, and to a lesser extent the enteroendocrine system, occur following helminth infection but the importance of these adaptations in expelling the worm is poorly understood. Approximately 90% of the body’s serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) is made in enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gut, indicative of the importance of this amine in intestinal function. Signaling via a plethora of receptor subtypes, substantial evidence illustrates that 5-HT affects immunity. A small number of studies document changes in 5-HT levels following infection with helminth parasites, but these have not been complemented by an understanding of the role of 5-HT in the host–parasite interaction. In reviewing this area, the gap in knowledge of how changes in the enteric serotonergic system affects the outcome of infection with intestinal helminths is apparent. We present this as a call-to-action by investigators in the field. We contend that neuronal EC cell–immune interactions in the gut are essential in maintaining homeostasis and, when perturbed, contribute to pathophysiology. The full affect of infection with helminth parasites needs to define, and then mechanistically dissect the role of the enteric nervous and enteroendocrine systems of the gut.

The Experimental Production of General Paralysis

1909 ◽  
Vol 55 (231) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ford Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
General Paresis ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
The Brain

Six years ago Dr. Shennan and I recorded the observations that rats which had been fed with cultures of a threading diphtheroid bacillus, isolated from the bronchus of a general paralytic, developed symptoms of paresis, which tended to go on to a fatal termination, and that the tissues of the animals showed changes resembling those that are found in cases of early general paralysis. In all of four animals in which the experiment was fully carried out the brain showed periarteritis, neuroglia proliferation and severe nerve-cell lesions. Two years ago Dr. McRae and I recorded some further experimental observations upon the effects of feeding rats with various strains of diphtheroid bacilli. A diphtheroid bacillus, which formed acid in glucose and saccharose test broths, and which was virulent to mice (Bacillus paralyticans brevis), produced very striking results in twelve animals. They developed acute or chronic forms of general paresis which went on to a fatal termination. The most marked lesions found after death were those affecting the nerve-cells of the spinal cord and brain, but in several of the animals there were also distinct periarteritis and neuroglia hypertrophy. Similar experiments with several other strains of diphtheroid bacilli, which could be classed as one or other of the two forms to which we have attached special importance, gave much less definite results. Some of the animals have not yet, however, been examined microscopically. Control animals fed with other organisms gave quite negative results. These experiments have at least shown that diphtheroid bacilli isolated from cases of general paralysis may occasionally have sufficient virulence to determine in rats, by infection through the alimentary tract, a disease in which the chief symptoms are those affecting the nervous system, and in which the tissue changes have a certain resemblance to those found in general paralysis.

Enteric nervous system and endocrine cells demonstrated in the gut in teratomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 422 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-506
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro Hirose ◽  
Tomoaki Taguchi ◽  
Sachiyo Suita ◽  
Osami Nada
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Endocrine Cells
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document