Immune response to hepatitis a vaccination in HIV-infected men in Greece

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kourkounti ◽  
N Mavrianou ◽  
Va Paparizos ◽  
K Kyriakis ◽  
M Hatzivassiliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antibody Titres

HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for acquiring hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. We evaluated the seroconversion rate (anti-HAV antibodies ≥ 20 mIU/ml) and the geometric mean antibody titres (GMTs) in a group of 351 HIV infected men, who had received two doses of a hepatitis A vaccine. We analysed blood samples collected at one, six, 12 and 18 months following the administration of the second dose of the vaccine. The seroconversion rate one month after the second dose of the vaccine was 74.4% (260/351). At month 18 after the end of vaccination, 56.1 % of the subjects remained seropositive. GMTs were 315, 203,153 and 126 mIU/ml at months 1,6, 12, and 18, respectively. Logistic regression revealed that the CD4 count is the only factor affecting response to vaccination ( P = 0.019). A higher response rate and higher GMTs were observed in patients with CD4 counts ≥500 cells/mm3 (76.6%) than in patients with CD4 counts 200–499 cells/mm3. In conclusion, even in patients with near-normal CD4 counts, the response to the hepatitis A vaccine is impaired.

scholarly journals Determinants of Hepatitis A Vaccine Immunity in a Cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children Living in Switzerland

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Alex Crisinel ◽  
Klara Maria Posfay-Barbe ◽  
Christoph Aebi ◽  
Jean-Jacques Cheseaux ◽  
Christian Kahlert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Cell Counts

ABSTRACTVaccination in HIV-infected children is often less effective than in healthy children. The goal of this study was to assess vaccine responses to hepatitis A virus (HAV) in HIV-infected children. Children of the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study (MoCHiV) were enrolled prospectively. Recommendations for initial, catch-up, and additional HAV immunizations were based upon baseline antibody concentrations and vaccine history. HAV IgG was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a protective cutoff value defined as ≥10 mIU/ml. Eighty-seven patients were included (median age, 11 years; range, 3.4 to 21.2 years). Forty-two patients were seropositive (48.3%) for HAV. Among 45 (51.7%) seronegative patients, 36 had not received any HAV vaccine dose and were considered naïve. Vaccine responses were assessed after the first dose in 29/35 naïve patients and after the second dose in 33/39 children (25 initially naïve patients, 4 seronegative patients, and 4 seropositive patients that had already received 1 dose of vaccine). Seroconversion was 86% after 1 dose and 97% after 2 doses, with a geometric mean concentration of 962 mIU/ml after the second dose. A baseline CD4+T cell count below 750 cells/μl significantly reduced the post-2nd-dose response (P= 0.005). Despite a high rate of seroconversion, patients with CD4+T cell counts of <750/μl had lower anti-HAV antibody concentrations. This may translate into a shorter protection time. Hence, monitoring humoral immunity may be necessary to provide supplementary doses as needed.

scholarly journals Immune Response to Meningococcal Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccine in Asplenic Individuals

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Balmer ◽  
Michelle Falconer ◽  
Paula McDonald ◽  
Nick Andrews ◽  
Emily Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Bactericidal Antibody ◽  
Encapsulated Bacteria ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Asplenic individuals are known to be at increased risk of infection with encapsulated bacteria. Recent United Kingdom recommendations stated that this at-risk group should receive one dose of the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccine. However, the immune response of asplenic individuals to MCC vaccine is unknown. The immune response of asplenics (n = 130) to immunization with the MCC vaccine was investigated. Asplenic individuals had a significantly lower geometric mean titer (GMT) (157.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 94.5 to 263.3) of bactericidal antibody in serum (SBA) than an age-matched control group (n = 48) (1448.2; 95% CI, 751.1 to 2792.0). However, 80% of asplenic individuals achieved the proposed protective SBA titer of ≥8. No differences were observed between the two groups in the serogroup C-specific immunoglobulin G geometric mean concentration. A significant reduction in SBA GMT or the number of responders achieving an SBA titer of ≥8 was observed if the reason for splenectomy was a medical cause or if MCC vaccination occurred <10 years after splenectomy. Individuals (n = 29) who did not achieve an SBA titer of ≥16 were offered a second dose of MCC vaccine. Analysis of the SBA response revealed that 61% (14 of 23) of the individuals who received a second dose achieved a protective titer. In total, 93% of asplenic individuals achieved a titer of ≥8 following MCC vaccination (one or two doses combined). We recommend that, following vaccination of asplenics, either the level of functional antibody should be determined, with a second dose of MCC vaccine offered to nonresponders, or two doses of MCC vaccine should be routinely offered.

Hepatitis A virus replication in tamarins and host immune response in relation to pathogenesis of liver cell damage

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Karayiannis ◽  
T. Jowett ◽  
M. Enticott ◽  
D. Moore ◽  
M. Pignatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Liver Cell Damage

scholarly journals Predictors of the immune response to booster immunisation against tetanus in Czech healthy adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (16) ◽  
pp. 2079-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Petráš ◽  
V. Oleár
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Tetanus Vaccine ◽  
Booster Immunisation ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractAn evaluation of the relationship between predictors and immune response was conducted using data obtained from a clinical trial in 200 Czech healthy adults aged 24–65 years receiving a booster dose of a monovalent tetanus vaccine in 2017. The response was determined from ELISA antibody concentrations of paired sera obtained before and 4 weeks after the immunisation. While all subjects with initial antibody levels <1.2 IU/ml achieved a 100% seroconversion rate (at least a fourfold rise in antibodies), only 8% seroconversion was documented in subjects with initial levels >2.2 IU/ml. The immune response was not affected by sex, age, tetanus vaccine type, concomitant medication, related adverse events or post-vaccination period since there were no significant differences in geometric mean concentrations or seroconversion rates. The seroconversion rate of 56% in smokers was significantly lower than that of 73% achieved in non-smokers. Although the seroconversion rates did not differ between individuals with normal or higher body weight, the adjusted odds ratio (1.3; 95% Cl 1.08–1.60) revealed a positive correlation between seroconversion rate and body mass index (BMI). Although the vaccine-induced response was influenced by pre-vaccination antibody levels, smoking or BMI, the booster immunisation against tetanus produced a sufficient response regardless the predictors.

scholarly journals Lack of evidence for increased risk of hepatitis A infection in homosexual men

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. CORONA ◽  
T. STROFFOLINI ◽  
A. GIGLIO ◽  
R. COTICHINI ◽  
M. E. TOSTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syphilis Serology

In 1997, prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection were evaluated in 146 homosexual and 286 heterosexual men attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Clinic in Rome, Italy. Total HAV antibody (anti-HAV) was detected in 60·3% of homosexuals and 62·2% of heterosexuals. After adjustment for the confounding effects of age, years of schooling, number of sexual partners, use of condoms, and history of STD, homosexuals were not found to be at increased risk of previous HAV exposure than heterosexuals (OR 1·1; 95% CI 0·7–1·9). Independent predictors of the likelihood of anti-HAV seropositivity among homosexuals and heterosexuals were: age older than 35 years and positive syphilis serology which is likely a proxy of lifestyles that increase the risk of faecal–oral infections.These findings do not support a higher risk in homosexual men but could suggest a role for the vaccination of susceptible patients attending STD clinics.

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