Endogenous Institutions: a network experiment in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNI SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Institutions ◽  
Network Experiment

Universal Building Blocks

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Ron Harris
Keyword(s):  
Simple Structure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Endogenous Institutions ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Organic As

This chapter argues that a number of precursor institutions of the long-distance trade organization developed locally, independently, and endemically in many different places along the Eurasian landmass. It shows that there is often no direct and clear evidence for the endogenous origins of institutions. The chapter also discusses the endemic appearance of an institution that does not have a clear pattern of migration but, together with its relatively simple structure, supports the identification of an endogenous institution. Endogenous institutions are often organic, as is the case with the itinerant trader or the family, or simple institutions that address basic functions, such as the loan, agency, or ship. They are to be found throughout Eurasia, and there is no historical evidence of a single historical origin for any of them or of a clear route of their migration.

What Can the Endogenous Institutions Literature Tell Us About Ancient Rome?

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-46
Author(s):  
Robert K. Fleck ◽  
F. Andrew Hanssen ◽  
Dennis P. Kehoe
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Endogenous Institutions ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Ownership Of Land

A large and growing literature on “endogenous” institutions seeks to understand the circumstances under which institutions of particular types arise. One of the literature’s guiding principles is that, because institutions structure the incentives that members of a society face, if institutions are not well matched to a society’s circumstances—that is to say, not designed to inspire productive activities, broadly defined—the society will not thrive. We will discuss how this approach can help modern scholars understand the institutions of the Roman Empire, a society that clearly did thrive. The focus of this paper will be on the Roman imperial government’s policies that promoted the private ownership of land. These policies were crucial to the efforts of the Roman imperial government to create a class of landowners in the cities across the empire who would share in the burdens of ruling the empire. However, the extent to which landowners could dispose of their properties freely was limited by the overall constraints of an ancient agrarian economy and the fiscal requirements of the Roman state.

scholarly journals Detection and Location of Earth Fault in MV Feeders Using Screen Earthing Current Measurements

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lowczowski ◽  
Jozef Lorenc ◽  
Jozef Zawodniak ◽  
Grzegorz Dombek
Keyword(s):  
Fault Location ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Earth Fault ◽  
Ground Fault ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Zero Sequence ◽  
Network Experiment ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
Zero Sequence Voltage ◽  
Core Current

The paper analyzes the utilization of cable screen currents for earth fault identification and location. Attention is paid on cable and mixed feeders—cable and overhead lines. The principle of operation is based on utilization of 3 criterion values: Ratio of cable screen earthing current and zero sequence cable core current—RF110/15, phase shift between cable screen earthing current and zero sequence cable core current—α and cable screen admittance defined as a ratio of cable screen earthing current and zero sequence voltage—Y0cs. Earth fault location is possible thanks to discovered relation between RF110/15 and α, whereas Y0cs allows for reliable detection of earth faults. Detection and identification are very important because it allows to increase the reliability of supply—reduce downtime and number of consumers affected by the fault. The article presents a phase to ground fault current flow for different power system configurations. At the end solution, which improves location capabilities is proposed. The solution is analyzed in PSCAD software and verified by network experiment.

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