Is Gifted Education a Bright Idea? Assessing the Impact of Gifted and Talented Programs on Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa A. Bui ◽  
Steven G. Craig ◽  
Scott A. Imberman
Keyword(s):  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
Gifted Education ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marginal Students ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Bounding Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

We evaluate the impact of Gifted and Talented (GT) programs on students through a regression discontinuity (RD) design, and by analyzing a randomized lottery for elite magnet GT schools. We show that GT students in each analysis are exposed to higher achieving peers and, in the RD sample, a more advanced curriculum. We find that achievement for marginal students neither improves nor worsens from GT services in the short run. We also find that lottery winners only perform better in science. Using a bounding analysis we cannot rule out zero, though we do not find any significant negative effects. (JEL H51, H75, I21, I28)

Unexpected Arrivals

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilyn Ruble Whitesell ◽  
Leanna Stiefel ◽  
Amy Ellen Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
English Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Across the country and in urban areas in particular, many students change schools during the academic year. While much research documents the impact of changing schools on the academic achievement of mobile students themselves, less research explores whether new arrivals have negative spillovers on stable classmates. The lack of research on impacts of mid-year entry is problematic, as poor, minority, and low-achieving students are disproportionately exposed to mid-year entry. In this study, we use a rigorous causal identification strategy and rich longitudinal data on fourth- through eighth-grade students in the New York City (NYC) public schools to estimate the impact of exposure to mid-year entry on the achievement of stable students. We analyze heterogeneous effects of mid-year entrants by origin (arriving from other NYC public schools, from other U.S. school systems, or from other countries), determine the extent to which mid-year entrants’ characteristics mediate the impact of mid-year entry, and explore the moderating influence of stable students’ characteristics. We find small negative effects of mid-year entry on both math and English language arts test scores in the short run. These impacts are not driven by mid-year entrant characteristics and are somewhat larger for Asian students and those who do not qualify for free or reduced-price lunch. Finally, results suggest mid-year entry continues to negatively influence the math performance of stable students beyond the year of exposure. We discuss the relevance of results and conclude with recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Unemployment Insurance Generosity and Aggregate Employment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-99
Author(s):  
Christopher Boone ◽  
Arindrajit Dube ◽  
Lucas Goodman ◽  
Ethan Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
State Variation ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

This paper examines the impact of unemployment insurance (UI) on aggregate employment by exploiting cross-state variation in the maximum benefit duration during the Great Recession. Comparing adjacent counties located in neighboring states, there is no statistically significant impact of increasing UI generosity on aggregate employment. Point estimates are uniformly small in magnitude, and the most precise estimates rule out employment-to-population ratio reductions in excess of 0.35 percentage points from the UI extension. The results contrast with the negative effects implied by most micro-level labor supply studies and are consistent with both job rationing and aggregate demand channels. (JEL E24, E32, J22, J23, J65)

scholarly journals The Effect of Public Insurance Coverage for Childless Adults on Labor Supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Dague ◽  
Thomas DeLeire ◽  
Lindsey Leininger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Public Insurance ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Percent Decline ◽  
Rule Out

This study provides plausibly causal estimates of the effect of public insurance coverage on the employment of non-elderly, nondisabled adults without dependent children (“childless adults”). We take advantage of the sudden imposition of an enrollment cap in Wisconsin, comparing the labor supply of enrollees to eligible applicants placed on a waitlist using a regression discontinuity design and difference-in-differences methods. We find enrollment into public insurance leads to sizable and statistically meaningful reductions in employment, with an estimated effect size of just over 5 percentage points, a 12 percent decline. Confidence intervals rule out positive and large negative effects. (JEL G22, H75, I13, I18, I38, J22)

scholarly journals Economic Implications of Ageing Lithuanian Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gindra Kasnauskienė ◽  
Marija Andriuškaitė
Keyword(s):  
Ageing Population ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Structure Of Population ◽  
Short Run ◽  
New Research ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Period

Increased life expectancy combined with declining birth rates and massive emigration flows have caused many to worry about the various impacts of an ageing population in Lithuania. This suggests a very big increase in the dependency ratio and is consequently a cause for concern about a future slowing of economic growth. However, there is little research carried out regarding economic or financial effects of this phenomenon in the country. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Lithuanian ageing population on economic variables. A new research design is implemented by using VAR and ARMAX models to compare two different approaches, treating ageing as an endogenous and exogenous variable. The authors find that old age dependency ratio has no statistically significant impact on Lithuania’s GDP growth, employment rate, final household consumption and gross national savings in the short run. The results achieved can be explained by incomplete and only short run data available for Lithuania. Also, joining the EU and other favorable economic conditions might have boosted Lithuania’s economic performance over the whole research period and significantly reduced the negative effects of ageing population. However, the impact of shifts in the structure of population age might soon come into effect, as Lithuania‘s society is gathering the pace of ageing, which is also seen in other emerging markets that are progressing toward becoming advanced.  

The impact of the COVID-19 enforced lockdown and fiscal package on the South African economy and environment: a preliminary analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu ◽  
Martin Henseler ◽  
Ramos Mabugu ◽  
Helene Maisonnave
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Balance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper offers a quantitative assessment of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown and government fiscal plan, containing ‘green’ elements on the economy and the environment of South Africa. The analysis uses a dynamic computable general equilibrium model operationalised using a social accounting matrix coupled with a greenhouse gas balance and emissions data. We find that while the economy is harshly impacted by the pandemic in the short term, the government fiscal package ameliorates and cushions the negative effects on poor households. Importantly, an adaptation of the fiscal package towards a ‘greener’ policy achieves the same economic outcome and reduces unemployment. Carbon dioxide emissions decrease in the short run due to economic slowdown. This improvement persists until 2030. These results can be used as decision support for policy makers on how to orient the post COVID-19 policies to be pro-poor and pro-environment, and thus, ‘build back better and fairer’.

scholarly journals Foreign Technologies and Indigenous Innovation Performance: Evidence from Selected African Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Azembila Asunka ◽  
Zhiqiang Ma ◽  
Mingxing Li ◽  
Oswin Aganda Anaba ◽  
Nelson Amowine
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study analyzes the impact of imports and foreign direct investment inflows (FDI) on indigenous innovation in some selected African countries. Panel data of five African countries for the period between 1994 and 2018 is analyzed using trademark applications by residents as proxy for indigenous innovation. A vector error correction model is employed to analyze the short-run causality between variables, and fully modified ordinary least squares to analyze the long-run dynamics among variables. The results show that, on the whole, imported inputs have significant and positive effect on indigenous innovation output, while FDI has negative effects. Policy formulation in the region should encourage imports aimed at creating novel products.

scholarly journals The Effects of Foreign Bank Entry on the Thai Banking Market: Empirical Analysis from 1990 to 2002

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 101-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenobu Okuda ◽  
Suvadee Rungsomboon
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bank ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interest Spreads ◽  
Foreign Bank Entry ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Domestic Banks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bank Entry

This paper investigates the impact of foreign bank entry on Thai domestic banks by using panel data on 17 domestic commercial banks from 1990 to 2002. The study examines different factors affecting bank performance, including changes in the foreign ownership of banks, financial regulations, and market structure. The results show that an increase in the presence of foreign banks has led to a rise in overhead expenses, a decline in profits, and an increase in the interest spreads of domestic banks. In the short run, increased competition from foreign banks seems to have negative effects on domestic banks.

The More Control, the Better?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyun Oh ◽  
Mun-Young Chung ◽  
Sangyong Han
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Design ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High User ◽  
User Control ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Despite of the popularity of interactive movie trailers, rigorous research on one of the most apparent features of these interfaces – the level of user control – has been scarce. This study explored the effects of user control on users’ immersion and enjoyment of the movie trailers, moderated by the content type. We conducted a 2 (high user control versus low user control) × 2 (drama film trailer versus documentary film trailer) mixed-design factorial experiment. The results showed that the level of user control over movie trailer interfaces decreased users’ immersion when the trailer had an element of traditional story structure, such as a drama film trailer. Participants in the high user control condition answered that they were less fascinated with, absorbed in, focused on, mentally involved with, and emotionally affected by the movie trailer than participants in the low user control condition only with the drama movie trailer. The negative effects of user control on the level of immersion for the drama trailer translated into users’ enjoyment. The impact of user control over interfaces on immersion and enjoyment varies depending on the nature of the media content, which suggests a possible trade-off between the level of user control and entertainment outcomes.

Monetary policy and the effect of the transfer of oil prices to inflation

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
I. D. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Oil Price Shocks ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of oil price shocks on inflation, as well as the impact of the choice of the monetary policy regime on the strength of this influence. We used dynamic models on panel data for the countries of the world for the period from 2000 to 2017. It is shown that mainly the impact of changes in oil prices on inflation is carried out through the channel of exchange rate. The paper demonstrates the influence of the transition to inflation targeting on the nature of the relationship between oil price shocks and inflation. This effect is asymmetrical: during periods of rising oil prices, inflation targeting reduces the effect of the transfer of oil prices, limiting negative effects of shock. During periods of decline in oil prices, this monetary policy regime, in contrast, contributes to a stronger transfer, helping to reduce inflation.

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