scholarly journals Sweetening the Deal? Political Connections and Sugar Mills in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Sukhtankar
Keyword(s):  
Political Connections ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Political Cycles ◽  
The World ◽  
Sugar Mills

Political control of firms is prevalent across the world. Evidence suggests that firms profit from political connections, and politicians derive benefit from control over firms. This paper investigates an alternative mechanism through which politicians may benefit electorally from connected firms, examining sugar mills in India. I find evidence of embezzlement in politically controlled mills during election years, reflected in lower prices paid to farmers for cane. This result complements the literature on political cycles by demonstrating how campaign funds are raised rather than used. Politicians may recompense farmers upon getting elected, possibly explaining how they can get away with pilferage. (JEL D72, G34, L66, O13, O17, Q12, Q13)

Backscratching in banks: political cycles in bank manager appointments

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jonas Markgraf
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Bank Manager ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
Political Cycles ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Regional Elections

Abstract Close ties between politicians and businesses affect firms’ performance and political outcomes, and while direct political control over firms has been curtailed by tightened regulation, political connections remain ubiquitous in many countries. Yet, it is unclear through which channels these linkages are maintained in strictly regulated environments. I speculate that one such channel of political control over firms is politicians’ ability to influence corporate appointment decisions. To test the claim, I employ survival models that analyze chairpersons’ turnovers in 90 Spanish savings banks between 1985 and 2010 and find strong evidence for electoral appointment cycles: bank chairpersons are more likely to lose office shortly after regional elections and when new governments enter office.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Felicity Aulino
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Societal Transformation ◽  
Ethical Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time ◽  
As If

This concluding chapter argues that, rather than providing a framework for understanding how things “really are,” rituals of care show an alternative mechanism for making things so. Ritual in this sense is a subjunctive mode that brings the world into being through acting as if it were a particular way, rather than claiming it to be so. Through rituals of care, one can take seriously ways of acting “as if” actions accomplish certain ends and provide for others in particular ways, as the caregivers in this book do, rather than judging such acts as solid assertions of how the world is or is taken to be. Rituals thus serve one's “plodding through” mundane life, as a guide to ethical action that builds over time. Showing up and going through the motions is of utmost importance. Seeing clearly how care takes ritual shape in Thailand offers building blocks for individual, group, and societal transformation. In terms of rote repetition, the basic stuff of care, ritual shows how humans create dispositions—right down to norms of perception—that brings forward a means of reorientation and change impossible to produce by rhetoric alone. Doing is necessary. Doing is transformative, even when repetitive.

saeculum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Bilynskyj Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The World

In Roman conceptions of time, the saeculum became the longest fixed interval, calculated as a period of 100 or 110 years (as opposed to, e.g., a lustrum of only five years; cf. “census”). The term originally indicated a “generation” or “lifetime,” but greater significance developed through its association with the Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games), which were performed to celebrate the advent of a new saeculum in Rome. Through the Secular Games, the emperor advertised his role in establishing his dynasty and ushering in an age of peace; emperors who wished to capitalize on this expression of authority made official references to the saeculum in coinage and inscriptions if they were unable to hold the Games during their reigns, thus creating a close link between the saeculum, imperial families, and political control. In Late Antiquity, the Christianization of the empire led to other usages. Because of its association with political power, the saeculum came to signify “the present age of the world,” in contrast with an eternal, heavenly realm; it could also be applied to a new, Christian era.

scholarly journals Increasing Sugar Production in Indonesia Through Land Suitability Analysis and Sugar Mill Restructuring

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Amran Sulaiman ◽  
Yiyi Sulaeman ◽  
Novia Mustikasari ◽  
Dedi Nursyamsi ◽  
Andi Muhammad Syakir
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
World Market ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Land Suitability Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Sugarcane Productivity

Indonesia is the fourth most populated country in the world with an annual population growth rate of 1.3%. This growth is accompanied by an increase in sugar consumption, which is occurring at an annual rate of 4.3%. The huge demand for sugar has created a large gap between sugar production and demand. Indonesia became the world’s largest sugar importer in 2017–2018. Sugarcane farmers have an important role in sugar production. They are facing problems with declining sugarcane productivity and arable land decreasing. We aimed to understand the sugar production issue in Indonesia and to examine options to increase sugar production. To achieve these aims, a framework consisting of four steps was developed: Analysis of the current situation; problems identification; resolution; and delivering programs; and strategies. The main problems in sugar production in Indonesia were identified, including a stagnation in sugarcane harvest area, low sugarcane productivity, lack of good varieties, and inefficient sugar mills. Based on the identified problems, strategies to increase production were created. Two approaches need to be executed simultaneously: An increase in sugarcane planting area, and an increase in productivity and sugar yield. The first approach in increasing sugar production is the exploration of new sugarcane planting areas outside of Java both on existing agricultural land and in new areas. A land suitability analysis for the whole country was conducted based on a semi-detailed soil map. The main priority for development was the existing agricultural area via an integration system or existing crop exchange. The second approach is restructuring sugar factories through the revitalization of existing sugar mills and investment in the construction of new mills. The challenges that need to be addressed include land availability, provision of high-yielding varieties, and improving the efficiency of sugar mills. General strategies and medium-term programs are presented and discussed. These efforts, if well-executed, will boost Indonesia’s sugar production to meet its domestic demand by 2025, achieving competitiveness in the world market by 2045.

Numbers didn't count: the streets of colonial Bombay and Calcutta

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD HARRIS ◽  
ROBERT LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Major Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Property Assessment ◽  
The City ◽  
Indian Cities

ABSTRACT:Street and house numbers are part of the modern state's geo-locational regime, by which people and places are made legible to distant governments and bureaucrats. Some writers have suggested that they were important in colonial cities, where urban regulation and political control was often insecure, but we know little about their extent and significance in such settings. Bombay and Calcuttac.1901 are significant test cases, being two of the largest colonial cities in the world, as well as being recent sites of major disease outbreaks. City directories in Bombay, together with property assessment and census evidence for Calcutta, show that house numbers were rare for all types of property and people. Local residents used other methods to navigate the city, while British administrators did not believe house numbers to be an important aspect of colonial rule. Fragmentary evidence for other colonial cities suggests that the experience of these Indian cities was broadly typical.

Argentina's Bargaining with the IMF

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall W. Stiles
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Member States ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf ◽  
Adjustment Programs

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently published a pamphlet on the question of whether the IMF, as an institution, imposes austerity on debtors. The response focused on the second half of the question and argued that IMF adjustment programs were, in fact, not systematically austere. However, from a political perspective, the first half of the question is much more provocative. Does the IMF “impose” its will on member states, and, if so, how? Many have argued i that, by virtue of its political connections with the financial centers of the world and its intellectual sophistication, the so-called “negotiations” which debtor nations conduct with Fund staff, prior to the drafting of an agreement on lending conditions, is little more than an exercise in coercion on the part of the Fund.

Technocrats and the management of international fisheries

1975 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Cautious Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Scientists ◽  
National Governments ◽  
International Fisheries

The paper examines the role of the world's fishery technocrats and experts in international fisheries management. The system of management provided by the regionally based international fisheries commissions is organized on transgovern-mental and transnational lines. Political delegates to the commissions are usually government technocrats, suggesting that the system is basically transgovernmental. However, the role of scientific advisers to the commissions is studied, since the group may preempt political control through its control on expertise. Results of a questionnaire sent to 900 scientists throughout the world are given, using the data from a structured sample of 84 scientists. Most were found to be trained as natural scientists, and most were employed directly by national governments or through government reseaich institutes. “Elite” scientists in the group, and some executive heads of commissions were also analyzed, and found to have a generally cautious approach to problems of fishery ownership and management. In sum, the transgovernmental system itself was found to allow yet set the limits of transnational role playing by fishery experts.

scholarly journals American World Empire or Declining Hegemony

2004 ◽  
pp. 516-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Boswell
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World System ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
World System Theory ◽  
Fundamental Assumption ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

Gowan challenges the usefulness of world-system theory in accounting for the emergence of an American world empire. His argument is based on one fundamental assumption, that of overwhelming U.S. power in the contemporary period. The assumption, however, is flawed. The U.S. is clearly an uncontested military superpower, a world leader with the ability to project its power and interests around the world. But its economic hegemony is in decline, and it is no longer the overwhelming presence it once was in the world-economy. Moreover, Gowan is unable to support his thesis that the U.S. is becoming an empire over Europe. Although the U.S. occupation and administration of Iraq is an example of colonial imperialism, there is no evidence to show that the U.S. has begun to establish a core-wide empire. On the contrary, U.S. political control over Europe has declined to its lowest level in the post-WWII period. The persuasiveness of world-system theory in explaining the changing global political economy remains strong.

scholarly journals The Qualifications of Arbitral Tribunal: Perspectives of Shariah Law and UNCITRAL Model Law

2018 ◽  
pp. 1213-1217
Author(s):  
Omar Saleh Abdullah Bawazir ◽  
Mohammad Azam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Legal Issues ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Qualified Person ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Model Law

Arbitration is an alternative mechanism which can be adopted by the parties involved in any legal issues other than the court. Arbitral tribunal plays essential role and has roles and functions similar to the court judges. Only qualified person is eligible to be appointed as arbitrator. From Islamic perspective, the Muslim jurists have laid down several requirements to be fulfilled by such person before the appointment has been made. The UNCITRAL Model Law which is internationally adopted by most of the countries in the world in setting up their arbitration institution also has a provision pertaining to the qualifications of arbitral tribunal. The question arises, what are the qualifications required under Shariah law and prescribed by UNCITRAL Model Law? Is there any similarities? Based on such research questions, this article seeks to analyse the qualifications of the arbitral tribunal from the perspectives of Shariah law and UNCITRAL Model Law. Based on the library data, content analysis method is adopted to compare the qualifications of arbitral tribunal from both perspective. This study found that, the Shariah law and UNCITRAL Model Law have its own requirements for the person to be appointed as arbitrator. The study also found that, Shariah law provides more details in this regard compared to UNCITRAL Model Law which provides only the general principles.

Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Its Role During the Hydration of Portland Cement

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Rai ◽  
Shivani Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
The World ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash ◽  
Pozzolanic Materials ◽  
Straw Ash

The utilization of waste materials in concrete manufacture provides a satisfactory solution to some of the environmental concerns and problems associated with waste management. Agro wastes such as rice husk ash, wheat straw ash, hazel nutshell and sugarcane bagasse ash are used as pozzolanic materials for the development of blended cements. India being one of the largest producers of sugarcane in the world, produces 300 million tons per year and large quantity of sugarcane bagasse is available from sugar mills. Sugarcane bagasse is partly used as fuel at the sugar mill. In the present paper, sugarcane bagasse was burned at 600oC and the ash obtained is known as sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and characterized by using different techniques. SCBA was mixed with OPC in different proportions and the hydration studies were made. Mechanism of hydration has been discussed.

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