scholarly journals Iron Deficiency and Schooling Attainment in Peru

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Chong ◽  
Isabelle Cohen ◽  
Erica Field ◽  
Eduardo Nakasone ◽  
Maximo Torero

Do nutritional deficiencies contribute to the intergenerational persistence of poverty by reducing the earnings potential of future generations? To address this question, we made available supplemental iron pills at a health center in rural Peru and encouraged adolescents to take them via media messages. School administrative data provide novel evidence that reducing iron deficiency results in a large and significant improvement in school performance and aspirations for anemic students. Our findings demonstrate that combining low-cost outreach efforts and local supplementation programs can be an affordable and effective method of reducing rates of adolescent iron deficiency anemia. (JEL I21, I23, I26, J24, J31, Q51, Q53)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Ainal Mardiah ◽  
Arni Amir ◽  
Andi Friadi ◽  
Ellyza Nasrul

<p><em>Iron deficiency anemia is anemia caused by iron deficiency in the blood. Maternal iron deficiency affects the low iron reserves in neonates </em><em>and it also influences on </em><em>Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) </em><em> which affects cognitive function.</em><em> </em><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the difference mean of BDNF in neonates from normal pregnant women and pregnant women with iron deficiency. </em><em>The design of this research was Cross Sectional</em><em> </em><em>design. This research was conducted in Community Health Center of Lubuk  Buaya, Ambacang Community Health Center, Community Health Center of Ikur Koto Health Center and Biomedical Laboratory of Andalas University on February 2017 to April 2018. There were 42 pregnant women was selected as sample e of this research. The samples were chosen by Consecutive Sampling. Then, the sample is divided into two groups: normal pregnant women and pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. BDNF are examined by the ELISA. Next, the data were analyzed by using T test. The levels of BDNF neonates in normal pregnant group was 3.65(ng/ml) and the anemia pregnant group was 1.74(ng/ml) (p &lt;0.05). There was significant difference of BDNF levels in neonates from normal pregnant women and pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. </em><em>The conclusion of this study is there is a difference of average BDNF in neonates from normal pregnant women and pregnant women with iron deficiency.</em></p><p> </p><p>Anemia defisiensi besi adalah anemia yang disebabkan karena kekurangan zat besi dalam darah. Defisiensi besi  maternal berdampak pada rendahnya cadangan besi pada neonatus dan berdampak terhadap ekspresi Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) yang berpengaruh pada fungsi kognitif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar BDNF pada neonatus dari ibu hamil normal dan ibu hamil defisiensi besi. Desain penelitian ini adalah Cross Sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya, Puskesmas Ambacang, Puskesmas Ikur Koto dan Laboratorium Biomedik Universitas Andalas pada bulan Februari 2017 – Juli 2018. Sampel Penelitian adalah ibu hamil sebanyak 42 orang yang dipilih secara Consecutive Sampling, sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu ibu hamil normal dan ibu hamil anemia defisiensi besi. BDNF diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Data dianalisa menggunakan uji T test. Kadar BDNF neonatus pada ibu kelompok normal adalah 3,65(ng/ml) dan kelompok ibu anemia adalah 1,74(ng/ml) (p&lt;0,05). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar BDNF pada neonatus dari ibu hamil normal dan ibu anemia defisiensi besi. <em></em></p>


2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zühre Kaya

Iron deficiency is one of the commonest nutritional deficiencies in the world. It is multifactorial and may be caused by lack of intake, blood loss and intestinal causes. Clinical features are highly variable, and most patients are asymptomatic. Typical laboratory features of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) include a hypochromic microcytic anemia, low serum iron level, high total iron binding capacity, low serum ferritin level. Usefulness of monitoring serum transferrin receptor level (sTfR) and hepcidin for identifying IDA have been examined in a few studies. Available data suggest that sTfR can potentially become a valuable tool for regular testing of patients in the future. Despite IDA is easily corrected with iron therapy, establishing the cause can be difficult, particularly in cases caused by disorders of iron transport. Education for clinician needs to focus on increasing awareness of the importance of failure respond to iron supplementation. The aim of this review was to outline the current strategies for the diagnosis and management of IDA in the light of the latest reports.


2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Anthony Beinner ◽  
Joel Alves Lamounier

Iron-deficiency-anemia affects 30% of the world population. Women of reproductive age and children are the most affected. Iron supplementation in the form of tablets and syrups has not been successful in developing countries, and iron deficiency is still the most important deficiency related to malnutrition. Iron-deficiency anemia affects physical and cognitive development at an early age in children, often resulting in irreversible outcomes. Studies from the last two decades have shown that the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia can be reduced given adequate investments and political will directed at iron fortification of foods and liquids. A successful low-cost iron-fortification program incorporates implementation and strategic use of communication for program inception where education is in the forefront. A review of the available reports from experience in Brazil with iron fortification of foods and liquids is presented.


2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
NL Madhikarmi ◽  
KRS Murthy

Iron deficiency is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiencies in the world. Globally more than two billion people are suffering from iron deficiency anemia. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of a large number of factors known to be associated with oxidative stress. The case-control study determines the lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status in forty Iron deficiency anemia and forty healthy volunteers with their informed consent. All the parameters were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. Blood hemoglobin and plasma iron were decreased whereas total iron binding capacity was increased significantly in Iron deficiency anemia. The lipid peroxidation parameters like malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide were significantly increased in Iron deficiency anemia. Both enzymatic; glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and non-enzymatic antioxidants; vitamin C, E and reduced glutathione were significantly decreased in Iron deficiency anemia case as compared to their healthy counterparts. Our findings suggest, increased lipid peroxidation products and reduced antioxidants system boost the oxidative stress state, hence deteriorating the condition of Iron deficiency anemia patients. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 34-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4.6739


2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1092-1098
Author(s):  
Ghazala Masood Farrukh ◽  
Zainab Hasan ◽  
Samar Ikram ◽  
Batha Tariq

Globally about two billion people suffer from anemia of various types amongstwhich Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent type. According to National NutritionSurvey of Pakistan 2011 (NNS), 50.4 % of non-pregnant females suffer from IDA, despite thefact that a variety of low cost, indigenous food sources of iron are available, affordable andaccessible in Pakistan. IDA is a risk factor for complications of pregnancy and low birth weightbaby and is also an independent cause of morbidity and mortality in all ages. Therefore thisstudy was conducted to determine the dietary patterns of iron intake in females of reproductiveage group who had IDA without any other known cause. Study Design: A cross sectionalstudy. Setting: Three tertiary care centers of Ziauddin Hospital located at Clifton, Kemari andNorth Nazimabad. Methods: Reproductive age females suffering from IDA according to theirCBC profile within three months prior to the study were selected through purposive sampling.Females taking iron supplements or with any known cause of iron deficiency were excluded.Total of 141 eligible and consenting IDA patients filled a 7 Day dietary recall questionnaireto determine the iron intake of indigenously available iron rich foods and blood sample wascollected for hematological profiles and iron studies. Results: Mean iron intake was 6.41 ±4.39 mg/day. Median heme and non heme iron intake was 8.0 mg and 28.0 mg per week,respectively. 52.4% of our study population had moderate IDA, 38.2% had pica for one or moresubstance and almost all suffered from one or more symptoms of iron deficiency. Majority ofthe population was consuming non-heme sources of iron. Conclusion: The iron consumptionfrom indigenous dietary sources is very low and contributes significantly to development of IDA.Increasing awareness regarding signs and symptoms of IDA and common dietary sources ofiron will contribute to screening, early diagnosis and correction of the iron deficit thus promotinghealth and preventing complications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Hossein Karami ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Naderisorki ◽  
Maryam Ghasemi ◽  
Mobin Ghazaiean ◽  
...  

One of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide is iron deficiency. Fatigue, pallor, vertigo, dyspnea, cold intolerance, lethargy, palpitation, headache, and the pallor of the mucous membranes or nail beds are the most frequent symptoms and signs of iron deficiency. Thrombocytosis is commonly observed in iron deficiency anemia; it seems that erythropoietin plays the main role in this respect. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia and even leukopenia have been reported in iron deficiency; however, pancytopenia is a very rare condition. In this report, we presented two unusual cases of pancytopenia due to severe iron deficiency that improved after treatment with oral iron supplements. Iron deficiency anemia, if sufficiently severe, may be associated with reduced platelet and leukocyte counts. Accordingly, this condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with pancytopenia.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emy Huriyati ◽  
Tri Ratnaningsih ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Arta Farmawati ◽  
Nur Imma Fatimah Harahap ◽  
...  

ABSTRAK Fokus Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman untuk penanggulangan anemia dewasa ini bukan hanya pada ibu hamil saja, melainkan sudah dimulai dari remaja puteri, jauh sebelum mereka hamil. Langkah pemerintah dalam menanggulangi anemia dengan adanya suplementasi besi dikhawatirkan tidak tepat sasaran. Sejauh ini deteksi anemia oleh petugas puskesmas hanya sebatas pemeriksaan haemoglobin saja dan kejadian anemia yang terdeteksi masih bersifat general, tidak spesifik anemia defisiensi besi. Subjek dalam kegiatan ini adalah petugas puskesmas meliputi dokter, ahli gizi dan ahli teknologi laboratorium medis yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Metode yang diterapkan dalam kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan dengan rangkaian kegiatan yaitu penyuluhan dengan pre-test dan post-test, tutorial kasus, dan praktikum. Analisis data hasil kegiatan menggunakan uji paired t-test antara nilai pre-test dan post-test. Uji statistik dikatakan signifikan bila p-value kurang dari 0,05. Total peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan adalah 71 orang dari target awal 75 orang (persentase kedatangan= 94,67%). Pelatihan terkait anemia defisiensi besi untuk petugas puskesmas dapat meningkatkan tingkat pemahaman sebesar 32,82 poin (p<0,0001), yang merupakan delta kenaikan nilai pre-test dan post-test. Pemilihan metode untuk kegiatan pelatihan dirasa sudah tepat dengan pertimbangan hasil evaluasi kegiatan menunjukkan sebagian besar peserta kegiatan menilai metode pelatihan efektif atau sangat efektif (74,7%). Program pelatihan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman petugas puskesmas di Kabupaten Sleman terkait anemia defisiensi besi.KATA KUNCI pelatihan; puskesmas; pengetahuan; anemia defisiensi besi ABSTRACT The focus of the Sleman District Health Office in the prevention of anemia is not only on pregnant women anymore as it currently involves young women, long before they become pregnant. The government's step in overcoming anemia with iron supplementation is argued to fail to hit the target. So far the detection of anemia by health center officials is only limited to hemoglobin examination, indicating that the detection of anemia is still general and not specific to iron deficiency anemia. The subjects of this study were community health center staffs including doctors, nutritionists and medical laboratory technology experts who were picked by purposive sampling. The methods used were training with a series of activities: education with pre-test and post-test, case tutorials, and practicum. Paired t-test was performed to compare the difference of value between pre-test and post-test. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The total participants who took part in the activity were 71 people from the initial target of 75 people (percentage of arrivals = 94.67%). Training related to iron deficiency anemia for health center officers can increase the level of understanding by 32.82 points (p <0,0001). The methods chosen for training activities were considered appropriate with around three-quarters (74,7%) of the participants rated the training method effective or very effective. The training program can improve the understanding of health center staff in Sleman Regency regarding iron deficiency anemia.KEYWORDS training; community health center; knowledge; iron deficiency anemia 


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Hary Yadi ◽  
Asmarita Jasda

<p>Pregnancy leads to increased energy metabolism, hence the need for energy and other nutrients increases during pregnancy. Increased energy and nutrients are needed for growth and development of the fetus, the increase in the amount of the uterus, changes in the composition and metabolism of the mother's body. If  levels of iron in the body of pregnant women is less, then there will be a condition called anemia. That's because iron is an essential microelement for the body. This substance is especially needed in hemopoiesis (blood formation), ie in the synthesis of hemoglobin. The purpose of this study was  to determine Knowledge of Pregnant Women About Iron Deficiency Anemia and Family Role With Compliance In Consuming Iron Tablet in health center . This study was a quantitative research, analytical, with cross sectional study subjects all mothers who have antenatal and get a tablet Fe in Tanjungpinang health center  based on data consist of 40 respondents. The result of this study was significat relationship between knowledge of pregnant women to iron deficiency anemia with Compliance Consuming Tablet iron  show the value of p 0814, the p-value is greater than the p value 0:05 was shows that no have correlation between knowledge of pregnant women about iron deficiency anemia with Compliance Consuming Iron Tablets. Family Role in monitoring drinking iron tablet  with Compliance Consuming Iron Tablets shows the value of p 0.00 is smaller than the value of α 0.05. This shows that there is a relationship between family role in monitoring drinking iron tablet with compliance consuming iron tablet. This study  indicated to increase Knowledge Level Of a Person On Iron Deficiency Anemia  Not Consume The Influence Behavior Of Iron Tablet  But Can Improve The Role Of Family In Compliance With Pregnant Women Eat Iron Tablet.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3506
Author(s):  
Vanessa Neef ◽  
Elke Schmitt ◽  
Peter Bader ◽  
Frank Zierfuß ◽  
Gudrun Hintereder ◽  
...  

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in children worldwide and may result in iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) provides information about the current availability of iron in erythropoiesis. This study aims to examine the validation of Ret-He as a screening marker for ID and IDA in children. Methods: Blood samples were retrospectively obtained from medical records. Anemia was defined according to the definition provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) for children. ID was defined by transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20% and ferritin < 100 ng/mL. Children were classified into four groups: IDA, non-anemia iron deficiency (NAID), control and others. Results: Out of 970 children, 332 (34.2%) had NAID and 278 (28.7%) presented with IDA. Analysis revealed that Ret-He significantly correlates with ferritin (rho = 0.41; p < 0.001), TSAT (rho = 0.66; p < 0.001) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) (rho = −0.72; p < 0.001). For ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.771 for Ret-He detecting ID and 0.845 for detecting IDA. The cut-off value for Ret-He to diagnose ID was 33.5 pg (sensitivity 90.7%; specificity 35.8%) and 31.6 pg (sensitivity 90.6%; specificity 50.4%) to diagnose IDA. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates Ret-He to be a screening marker for ID and IDA in children. Furthermore, Ret-He can be used as a single screening parameter for ID and IDA in children without considering other iron parameters. Economically, the use of Ret-He is highly relevant, as it can save one blood tube per patient and additional costs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Prates Fonseca ◽  
Wanessa Moura Silva ◽  
Aparecida Maria Morais Gourevitch

O ambiente escolar se constitui em um espaço propício para o desenvolvimento de atividades de prevenção e promoção da saúde, e pelo prisma do agrupamento social, podem ser francamente desenvolvidas ações de incentivo à alimentação saudável, conhecimento de paradigmas antropológicos e ainda há a possibilidade de suplementação de micronutrientes para prevenir desordens fisiológicas, provocadas por carências nutricionais. No presente estudo objetivou-se compreender a percepção das Enfermeiras das Equipes de Saúde da Família vinculadas ao Programa Saúde na Escola, acerca da importância da suplementação de micronutrientes na dieta dos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil que participam do Programa NutriSUS, como forma de prevenir e combater as anemias carenciais, dentre elas a anemia ferropriva, no Município de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Para tal empreitada, usou-se de pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e da técnica de Grupo Focal, uma vez que a mesma, por meio de sessões grupais facilita a expressão de características requeridas no objeto de estudo. Os dados obtidos foram observados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo. Evidenciam-se fragilidades nos processos de planejamento e execução do Programa, que podem ter interferido diretamente no desfecho do mesmo na prevenção das anemias. Ouviram-se relatos de dificuldades no processo de capacitação de profissionais da educação para implementação do NutriSUS e da pouca aceitação da suplementação pela criança, por questões inerentes ao hábitos alimentares e padrões socioeconômico-culturais presentes. Palavras-Chave: Antropologia. Deficiências Nutricionais. Saúde na Escola. Anemia Ferropriva.   NUTRITION EDUCATION AND MICRONUTRIENTS SUPPLEMENTATION: an analysis of the School Health Program and NUTRISUS Program about the anemia deficiencies combat ABSTRACT The school environment constitutes in a space to the development of activities of prevention and promotion of health and through the prism of social grouping can be downright developed actions to encourage healthy eating, knowledge of anthropological paradigms, and there is still the possibility of supplementation of micronutrient to prevent physiological disorders caused by nutritional needs. This present study aimed to understand the perception of the team of nurses of the Family Health linked to the School Health Program, about the importance of micronutrient supplementation in the diet of Child Education of Municipal Centers participating in the NutriSUS Program as a form of preventing and combat the anemia deficiencies, among them the iron deficiency anemia, in the county of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. For the contract, it was used a descriptive and exploratory research with qualitative approach and of Focus Group technique, since that the one, through group sessions facilitates the expression of characteristics required in the object of study. Data were obtained and observed from Content Analysis. It can be seen weaknesses in the process of planning and performance of the program, which may have interfered directly in the outcome of the prevention of anemia. It was heard reports of difficulties in the training process of education professionals for the implementation of the NutriSUS and of the little acceptance of supplementation for the child, for inherent questions in eating habits and socioeconomic and cultural patterns of those kids. Keywords: Anthropology. Nutritional deficiencies. Health at school. Iron deficiency anemia.   EDUCACIÓN ALIMENTAR Y SUPLEMENTACIÓN DE MICRONUTRIENTES: un análisis del Programa de Salud en la Escuela y Programa NUTRISUS acerca del combate a las anemias por deficiencia RESUMEN El entorno escolar se constituye en un espacio propicio para el desarrollo de actividades de prevención y promoción de la salud, y por el prisma del agrupamiento social, pueden ser desarrolladas acciones para fomentar la alimentación sana, el conocimiento de los paradigmas antropológicos y todavía existe la posibilidad de que la suplementación de micronutrientes está ahí para prevenir trastornos fisiológicos causados por deficiencias nutricionales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la percepción de las enfermeras del Equipo de Salud de la familia vinculados al programa Salud en la Escuela, sobre la importancia de los suplementos de micronutrientes en la dieta de los Centros Municipales de Educación infantil que participan del Programa de NutriSUS, con el fin de prevenir y combatir la anemia nutricional, entre ellas la anemia por deficiencia de hierro, en el municipio de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Para esta empresa, fue utilizada una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria con enfoque cualitativo y de la técnica de Grupo Focal, ya que el mismo, a través de las sesiones de grupo facilita la expresión de las características requeridas en el objeto del estudio. Los datos obtenidos fueron observados desde el Análisis del Contenido. Es evidente la fragilidad en los procesos de planeamiento y ejecución del Programa, que puede haber interferido directamente en el resultado de lo dicho en la prevención de la anemia. Se oyeron relatos de dificultades en el proceso de formación de los profesionales de la Educación para implementación del NutriSUS y de la poca aceptación de los suplementos para los niños, para asuntos relacionados con los hábitos alimentarios y patrones socioeconómicos y culturales presentes. Palabras clave: Antropología. Deficiencias nutricionales. Salud en la Escuela. Anemia por deficiencia de hierro.


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