scholarly journals Together We Will: Experimental Evidence on Female Voting Behavior in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Giné ◽  
Ghazala Mansuri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Emerging Democracies ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Party Vote Shares ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decrease

In many emerging democracies women are less likely to vote than men and, when they do vote, are likely to follow the wishes of male household and clan heads. We assess the impact of a voter awareness campaign on female turnout, candidate choice and party vote shares. Geographic clusters within villages were randomly assigned to treatment or control, and within treated clusters, some households were not targeted. Compared to women in control clusters, both targeted and untargeted women in treated clusters are 11 percentage points more likely to vote, and are also more likely to exercise independence in candidate choice, indicating large spillovers. Data from polling stations suggests that treating 10 women increased female turnout by about seven votes, resulting in a cost per vote of US$3.1. Finally, a 10 percent increase in the share of treated women at the polling station led to a 7 percent decrease in the share of votes of the winning party. (JEL D72, J12, J16, O12, O17, Z13)

International Real Estate Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
Mark P. Berkman ◽  
◽  
Kyle J. Hubbard ◽  
Timothy H. Savage ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Property Values ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Multiple Pollution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decrease

Recent litigation with regards to property damage associated with carbon black emissions provides an opportunity to measure the impact of particulate matter (PM), a Clean Air Act pollutant. By using property-specific PM concentrations, we estimate the impact of PM on residential property values, which accounts for relevant characteristics and multiple pollution sources. This study simultaneously incorporates all important econometric modeling features cited in the prior literature. We find that a 10-percent increase in PM concentration results in a statistically-significant 1.1-percent decrease in value. In 2007 dollars, a one-standard deviation increase in PM concentration results in a statistically-significant reduction of approximately $4,800.

Gray University Degrees: Experimental Evidence from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-309
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Majilla ◽  
Matthias Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The Impact

Scams involving university degrees are flourishing in many emerging markets. Using a resume experiment in India, this paper studies the impact of gray degrees, or potentially bought academic credentials from questionable universities, on callback rates to job applications. The experiment varied the type of degree (no, gray, and authentic) in online applications to entry-level jobs that require no university qualification. We find that gray degrees increase callback rates by 42 percent or 8 percentage points relative to having no degree. However, we also document that gray degrees fare on average worse than authentic degrees. These empirical patterns are consistent with a model where employers have beliefs about the authenticity of degrees and are discounting gray-degree universities probabilistically. We discuss our findings with respect to the Indian context.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence: The Influence of Job Opportunities for Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Bhalotra ◽  
Uma Kambhampati ◽  
Samantha Rawlings ◽  
Zahra Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Percent Decrease

Abstract This study examines the association of unemployment variation with intimate partner violence using representative data from thirty-one developing countries, from 2005 to 2016. It finds that a 1 percent increase in the male unemployment rate is associated with an increase in the incidence of physical violence against women by 0.50 percentage points, or 2.75 percent. This is consistent with financial and psychological stress generated by unemployment. Female unemployment rates have the opposite effect, a 1 percent decrease being associated with an increase in the probability of victimization of 0.52 percentage points, or 2.87 percent. That an improvement in women's employment opportunities is associated with increased violence is consistent with male backlash. The study finds that this pattern of behaviors emerges entirely from countries in which women have more limited access to divorce than men.

Police Presence, Rapid Response Rates, and Crime Prevention

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Sarit Weisburd
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Police Responses ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Police Presence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decrease

This paper estimates the impact of police presence on crime using a unique database that tracks the exact location of Dallas Police Department patrol cars throughout 2009. To address the concern that officer location is often driven by crime, my instrument exploits police responses to calls outside of their allocated coverage beat. This variable provides a plausible shift in police presence within the abandoned beat that is driven by the police goal of minimizing response times. I find that a 10 percent decrease in police presence at that location results in a 7 percent increase in crime. This result sheds light on the black box of policing and crime and suggests that routine changes in police patrol can significantly impact criminal behavior.

The Effect of Taxation and Corruption on Firm Growth: An Empirical Investigation for Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-29
Author(s):  
Bich Le Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to analyze empirically the impact of taxation and corruption on the growth of manufacturing firms in Vietnam. The study employed pooled OLS estimation and then instrument variables with fixed effect for the panel data of 1377 firms in Vietnam from 2005 to 2011. These data were obtained from the survey of the Central Institute for Economic Management and the Danish International Development Agency. The results show that both taxation and corruption are negatively associated with firm growth measured by firm sales adjusted according to the GDP deflator. A one-percentage point increase in the bribery rate is linked with a reduction of 16,883 percentage points in firm revenue, over four and a half times bigger than the effect of a one-percentage point increase in the tax rate. From the findings of this research, the author recommends the Vietnam government to lessen taxation on firms and that there should be an urgent revolution in anti-corruption policies as well as bureaucratic improvement in Vietnam.

The Nexus between Financial Development, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in India: A VECM Technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 602-612
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
The Impact

The demand for energy consumption requires efficient financial development in terms of bank credit. Therefore, this study examines the nexus between Financial Development, Economic Growth, Energy Prices and Energy Consumption in India, utilizing Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) technique to determine the nature of short and long term relationships from 2010 to 2019. The estimation of results indicates that a one percent increase in bank credits to private sector results in 0.10 percent increase in energy consumption and 0.28 percent increase in energy consumption responses to 1 percent increase in economic growth. It is also observed that the impact of energy price proxied by consumer price index is statistically significant with a negative sign indicating the consistency with the theory.

scholarly journals Police-involved Deaths and the Impact on Homicide Rates in the Post-Ferguson Era: A Study of 44 U.S. Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Tyler J Lane
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
Fbi Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

This study investigated whether homicides increased after protested police-involved deaths, focusing on the period after Michael Brown’s death in Ferguson in August 2014. It also tests for effects of legal cynicism by comparing effects in homicide and aggravated assault on the assumption that reporting of the latter is discretionary and police abuses may make communities reluctant to notify police. Using FBI data from 44 U.S. cities, homicide and assault rates from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed using an interrupted time series design and combined in a meta-analysis to calculate pooled effects. A meta-regression tested effect moderators including external investigations and city/county sociodemographic characteristics. With a conservative threshold of p ≤ .01, 21 of the 44 cities experienced a significant increase and one had a significant decrease. The pooled effect was a 26.1% increase in the homicide (99% CI: 15.3% to 36.8%). Aggravated assaults increased above baseline, though the effect was 15.2 percentage points smaller (99% CI: –26.7 to –3.6) than the effect in homicides. When outcomes were measured as percent change, there were no significant effect moderators, but when measured as absolute change, homicides increased to a greater extent when the death was subject to external investigation and in cities with higher Black populations, poverty rates, and baseline homicide rates. The findings suggest that protested police-involved deaths led to an increase in homicides and other violence due to the distrust fomented within the very communities whom police are meant to protect.

scholarly journals Donor Smoking Negatively Affects Donor and Recipient Renal Function following Living Donor Nephrectomy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Heldt ◽  
Robert Torrey ◽  
Daniel Han ◽  
Pedro Baron ◽  
Christopher Tenggardjaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Kidney Donor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Living Donor Nephrectomy ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Percent Decrease

Background.While tobacco use by a renal transplant recipient has been shown to negatively affect graft and patient survival, the effect of smoking on the part of the kidney donor remains unknown.Methods.29 smoking donors (SD) and their recipients (SD-R) as well as 71 non-smoking donors (ND) and their recipients (ND-R) were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative demographics and perioperative variables including serum creatinine (Cr) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were calculated and stratified by amount of tobacco exposure in pack-years. Clinical outcomes were analyzed with a Student'st-test, chi-square, and multiple linear regression analysis ().Results.At most recent followup, SD-R's had a significantly smaller percent decrease in postoperative Cr than ND-R's (−57% versus −81%; ) and lower calculated GFR's (37.0 versus 53.0 mL/min per 1.73 m2; . SD's had a larger percent increase in Cr than ND's at most recent followup (57% versus 40%; ), with active smokers having a larger increase than those who quit, although this difference was not statistically significant (68% versus 52%; ).Conclusions.Use of tobacco by kidney donors is associated with decreased posttransplant renal function, although smoking cessation can improve outcomes. Kidneys from donors who smoke should be used with caution.

scholarly journals Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 1272-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Dobbie ◽  
Jae Song
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Consumer Bankruptcy ◽  
Annual Earnings ◽  
The Impact

Consumer bankruptcy is one of the largest social insurance programs in the United States, but little is known about its impact on debtors. We use 500,000 bankruptcy filings matched to administrative tax and foreclosure data to estimate the impact of Chapter 13 bankruptcy protection on subsequent outcomes. Exploiting the random assignment of bankruptcy filings to judges, we find that Chapter 13 protection increases annual earnings by $5,562, decreases five-year mortality by 1.2 percentage points, and decreases five-year foreclo-sure rates by 19.1 percentage points. These results come primarily from the deterioration of outcomes among dismissed filers, not gains by granted filers. (JEL D14, I12, J22, J31, K35)

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