scholarly journals A Few Bad Apples? Racial Bias in Policing

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1406-1441
Author(s):  
Felipe Goncalves ◽  
Steven Mello
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Highway Patrol ◽  
The Individual ◽  
To Receive

We estimate the degree to which individual police officers practice racial discrimination. Using a bunching estimation design and data from the Florida Highway Patrol, we show that minorities are less likely to receive a discount on their speeding tickets than White drivers. Disaggregating this difference to the individual police officer, we estimate that 42 percent of officers practice discrimination. We then apply our officer- level discrimination measures to various policy-relevant questions in the literature. In particular, reassigning officers across locations based on their lenience can effectively reduce the aggregate disparity in treatment (JEL H76, J15, K42)

The Individual Security of Polish Police Officers in the Context of the Usage of a Stun Gun as a Means of Physical Coercion. A Study Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (28) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Marcin Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Study Report ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Security ◽  
Stun Gun ◽  
Police Forces

The increasing brutalisation of society results in Polish police officers becoming increasingly exposed to threats to their lives and health. In 2016, 311 assaults on police officers took place. A secure police officer equals a secure state and its citizens. This is why it is so important for Polish police forces to be in possession of proper means of physical coercion which ensure their safety while on duty. The Act on means of physical coercion and firearms of 5 June 2013 specifies the range of the means of physical coercion permissible for use by police officers. However, the most important of these are individual means with which a police officer is equipped. Research conducted among Polish police officers demonstrates which individual means of physical coercion available to them are used most frequently for the purpose of ensuring safety on duty. Undoubtedly, the key measure is the object designated by the said law to incapacitate people using electricity, colloquially referred to as an electric stun gun, a stunner or a taser. This measure of direct coercion, present in the equipment of the Polish Police since 2007, is gaining in importance, as evidenced by the conducted research and the data on the use of electric stunner by police officers.

The Effect of a Complainant’s Race and Ethnicity on Dispositional Outcome in Police Misconduct Cases in Chicago

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Marie Headley ◽  
Stewart J. D’Alessio ◽  
Lisa Stolzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Police Misconduct ◽  
The Individual ◽  
To Receive

This study examines whether the race and ethnicity of the individual filing a police misconduct allegation in Chicago predicts whether the allegation was (1) sustained, (2) not sustained, (3) determined to be unfounded (not factual), or (4) whether the accused police officer was exonerated of any wrongdoing. Multinomial logistic regression results show that Black and Hispanic complainants are much less likely to have their allegations of police misconduct sustained. When compared to a sustained outcome, Black complainants are 4.7 times more likely to receive a not sustained outcome, 3.6 times more apt to receive an unfounded outcome, and 4.2 times more likely that their misconduct allegation will culminate in the exoneration of the police officer. Results also show that a Hispanic complainant is 1.6 times less apt to achieve a favorable outcome in his or her case alleging misconduct by a police officer. These findings suggest that more work still needs to be done to reduce racial disparity in the resolution of allegations of police misconduct in Chicago.

scholarly journals Peran Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Aparat Kepolisian di Polsek Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Utari Anggraeni ◽  
Yeni Damayanti ◽  
Helga J. N. Ndun
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
To Receive

Work motivation is a condition that forces or causes someone to take action consciously. Meanwhile, work discipline is a level of compliance to the existing rule and be ready to receive punishment if not following the rule. The objective of this research is to know the effect of work motivation towards work discipline for the police officers in Kelapa Lima sector police office, Kupang in 2018. This research used sampling total method of 78 samples police officer in Kelapa Lima sector police office. The bivariat test used simple linear regression test with the level of significance or alpha 0.05. Data were collected by using work motivation psychology scale and work discipline scale. The result showed work motivation on work discipline in the Police Officers in the Kelapa Lima Sector Police, Kupang in 2018 that there is a significant effect between work motivation on work discipline. These results provide information that increased work motivation will also provide improvements to work discipline. 

scholarly journals Fundamentals of training of police officers for action in extreme situations.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Valeriy Bilichenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The article presents the concept of extreme situation and the factors that characterize it. The content and principles of preparation of police officers for solving operational and service tasks in conditions related to extreme situations are considered. The need to improve the social behavior of police officers in the context of mass events of citizens in recent years has been growing steadily. This is due to the processes of transformation in the political, economic, social and spiritual life of people, which have a significant impact on the formation of civil society, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the population. As part of these processes, there are changes in the police, not least related to increasing the level of socio-psychological competence of police units, the formation of a positive image of the police officer in the eyes of the population. Not every personal problem, intrapersonal or interpersonal conflict, feelings of crisis inevitably lead to stress. Stress resistance is determined by a set of personality qualities that allow you to tolerate significant intellectual, volitional and emotional loads (mental stability); perform their professional tasks with good psychosomatic health; to have a stable worldview and to be a believer; perform a certain social role and have an appropriate level of culture of their society (psychological stability of the individual). Analysis of materials on the practice of law enforcement shows that in order to respond calmly and reasonably to the aggressive actions and abuse of the crowd and soberly take into account the situation, a police officer needs not only mental and physical effort, but also knowledge of human behavior in crowd, the mechanism of its formation and mode of action, the role of each type of participants in the riots, stereotypes of their actions in extreme conditions. Depends on ensuring their personal safety and the safety of citizens, as well as the success of a specific job. The essence of the psyche is reflection. The psyche is a subjective image of the objective world, an ideal (immaterial) reflection of reality. Psychological stability of employees of special divisions influences comprehensive and effective disclosure of crimes.

To the question of examining of individual and personal characteristics of a traffic police officer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
Юлия Жимирикина ◽  
Julia Zhimirikina
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the presented research is to identify the relationship of individual and personal characteristics of a police officer with his professional tasks. The object of the study is to identity of a police officer. The subject of research is the individual and personal characteristics of a police officer. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the individual and personal characteristics of a police officer in his professional tasks generally affect the success of their professional activities. Research methods were analysis and systematization of the scientific and psychological literature on the subject of the research; analysis of documents (reference legal acts regulating the activities of internal affairs bodies, etc.); empirical research methods, namely individual conversations, included observation in the course of practical activities of police officers of various profiles. The novelty of the work consists in expanding, supplementing and refining scientific views on the relationship of the individual and personal characteristics of a police officer with the professional tasks being solved. The theoretical and practical significance of the research consists in the analysis of the existing approaches to the study of individual and personal characteristics, in the analysis of the specific features of the motivational - need and value sphere of the employee of the State Traffic Inspectorate; identifying the dependence of the success of professional activity on the individual and personal characteristics.

scholarly journals Communicative Tolerance of Policemen in the Context of Their Emotional Intelligence’ Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
O. О. Євдокімова ◽  
Я. С. Пономаренко
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

This paper presents the results of an empirical study of the peculiarities of manifestations of emotional intelligence among police officers with different levels of communicative tolerance at the stage of primary vocational training. In this context, the actual model of emotional intelligence and its practical application need to be verified taking into account the specifics of police activity. Emotional intelligence is considered primarily as an integral feature of the personality of a policeman in the context of his professional communication in situations that are problematic. The emotional intelligence of the individual is represented in the article as a cognitive ability to perceive and analyze both their own and others’ emotional states and emotional manifestations; as well as the ability to correctly regulate and use them. Communicative tolerance, in turn, is one of the most important features of the police officer, which shows his attitude to people, the degree of tolerance to unpleasant or unacceptable, in his opinion, mental states, qualities and deeds. As a psychodiagnostic tool, the questionnaire “General communicative tolerance” (V. V. Boyko) and the “Emotional Intelligence” test (D. V. Lusin) were used. The sample consisted of 132 students of initial training of police officers. The results of the study indicate differences in the manifestations of emotional intelligence in students with different levels of communicative tolerance. It is empirically proven that emotional intelligence in situations of problematic communication acts as an integral personality of the police officer, which allows him to successfully recognize and interpret the emotions of both his own and the communication partner. The study of the level of emotional intelligence of the police at the stage of professional training will allow the psychological support service to better address the tasks of professional selection and psychological support for future policemen.

scholarly journals Do Implicit Racial Biases Have Significant Discriminatory Effects?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Implicit Racial Bias ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meta Analyses

This article investigates whether implicit racial biases have significant discriminatory effects. To this end, it evaluates meta-analyses of studies on measures of implicit bias and behavioral effects to which they are correlated. On balance, I maintain, the best interpretation of these meta-analyses and relevant surrounding research supports the conclusion that implicit racial biases are significantly correlated to racially biased behaviors, with effects that are consequential at both the individual and group levels. This conclusion is compatible with, but does not entail, the proposition that implicit racial biases in fact cause such effects. In consequence, I consider the contribution implicit bias research might make to our best accounts of racial discrimination and inequality on both a casual and non-causal construal. I argue it is plausible that research on implicit racial bias, on either construal, will play a substantive role in such accounts.

Contextual Determinants of Observed Negative Emotional States in Police–Community Interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Makin ◽  
Dale W. Willits ◽  
Wendy Koslicki ◽  
Rachael Brooks ◽  
Bryce J. Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Code Violations ◽  
The Individual

Researchers universally agree that interactions between police and community members have the propensity to be emotionally charged. However, to date, there is limited research investigating situational and dynamic factors that make an interaction between a police officer and citizen more or less emotionally charged. Analyzing unedited police body-worn camera footage, associated with 287 criminal code violations, this research explores the individual, behavioral, and environmental factors that affect police officers’ and citizens’ emotional states during a police–citizen interaction. Results show clear variations at the situational, organizational, and environmental levels influencing the observed emotional state of the suspect and police officer.

Individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in transport due to the risk of professional deformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-230
Author(s):  
Yuliya Novikova ◽  
Alexander Shakhmatov ◽  
Maria Salyah
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Professional Burnout ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
North Western ◽  
Learn Behavior

The relevance of the study of individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in transport in the North-Western Federal district of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the NWFD) in relation to indicators of professional deformation is due to the specific features of their official activities. Despite a significant amount of research on the phenomenon of professional deformity of police officers, there are few thoroughly developed and completed works on the prevention of professional deformities of police officers. The purpose of our research was to study the individual psychological characteristics of employees of criminal investigation departments in connection with the risk of professional deformation. The results of the empirical study were processed by correlation and factor analysis (49 parameters). The results of the initial analysis showed that the overall assessment of job satisfaction among employees of the studied departments is average with a downward trend. The results of the study on «professional burnout» revealed that a number of employees surveyed are close to emotional exhaustion. It is established that empathic abilities, social intelligence, and constructive coping strategies play an important role in the structure of individual psychological characteristics of police officers. Low ability of employees to learn behavior determines non-constructive strategies and models for coping with stressful situations, which leads to deformation of relationships with other people, i.e. to professional deformation. The obtained data can be used as the basis for the program of psychoprophylaxis of professional deformation of criminal investigation units in transport in the northwestern Federal district.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document