scholarly journals Bargaining over Babies: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 3264-3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Doepke ◽  
Fabian Kindermann
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Household Bargaining ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Care Burden

It takes a woman and a man to make a baby. This fact suggests that for a birth to take place, the parents should first agree on wanting a child. Using newly available data on fertility preferences and outcomes, we show that indeed, babies are likely to arrive only if both parents desire one. In addition, there are many couples who disagree on having babies, and in low-fertility countries women are much more likely than men to be opposed to having another child. We account for this evidence with a quantitative model of household bargaining in which the distribution of the burden of child care between mothers and fathers is a key determinant of fertility. The model implies that fertility is highly responsive to targeted policies that lower the child care burden specifically for mothers. (JEL C78, D13, J13, J16)

Masculinity and Child Care: The Reconstruction of Fathering

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Brandth ◽  
Elin Kvande
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Care Giving

In this article we focus on a group of fathers who use parental leave and how they include care-giving in their construction of masculinity. The fathers shape their own masculine form of care-work differently from the mothers' interaction with the child. Both mothers and fathers, however, take part in the process of reproducing masculinity as the norm by giving masculine care higher status. Care-giving activities are adopted by the hegemonic form of masculinity with its strong connection to paid work.

scholarly journals Child Care Subsidies, Quality, and Optimal Income Taxation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Spencer Bastani ◽  
Sören Blomquist ◽  
Luca Micheletto
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Child Care Subsidies ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Optimal Income Taxation ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Study Child

We study child care subsidies in a Mirrleesian optimal tax framework where parents choose both the quantity and quality of child care. Child care services not only enable parents to work, but also contribute to children’s human capital. We examine the conditions under which child care expenditures should be encouraged or discouraged by the tax system under different assumptions regarding the available policy instruments. Using a quantitative model calibrated to the US economy, we illustrate the possibility that child care expenditures should be taxed rather than subsidized, and we discuss the merits of public provision schemes for child care. (JEL H21, H24, H41, J13)

LOW FERTILITY INTENTION IN TEHRAN, IRAN: THE ROLE OF ATTITUDES, NORMS AND PERCEIVED BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Erfani
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Normative Pressure ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Child ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Perceived Constraints

SummaryPersistent low fertility rates are an increasing concern for countries with low fertility like Iran. Informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study examined the immediate factors influencing fertility intentions, using data from the 2012 Tehran Survey of Fertility Intentions. The findings show that more than half of young married adults in Tehran intend to have no more children. The multivariate analysis results indicate that individuals who view childbearing as being detrimental to their personal life, feel less normative pressure to have a/another child, and believe their childbearing decision is not contingent on the presence of economic resources required for childbearing, are more likely to want no (more) children or to be unsure rather than to want a/another child. Attitudes and normative pressure are dominant factors influencing the intention to have a first child, while the intention to have a second child is mainly affected by attitudes and perceived constraints. The policy implications of the results are discussed.

Caring for Children and Working: Dilemmas of Contemporary Womanhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Sharp Transition ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Intact Families ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Personal Fulfillment

American women are entering the labor force in increasing numbers; currently 53% of women in intact families are in paid employment as are 41% of those with children under 18; this despite the fact that women earn less than 60% of the wages paid men in similar occupations. Women are responding to the pressures of an inflationary economy, to the costs of higher education for their children, to opportunities for personal fulfillment, and to a growing market for service occupations. Yet married women continue to carry 70% to 80% of child care and household duties when both parents work. Conventional stereotypes of feminine passivity, formalized in the last century, grossly misperceive women's roles and abilities and constitute a psychological barrier to self-realization for both men and women. Social innovations in child care will be necessary if we are to provide optimal conditions for child development at a time when family roles are in sharp transition. The pediatrician, as family counselor, can help to support mothers and fathers seeking to fulfill parental, occupational and personal needs in a rapidly changing society.

scholarly journals Canada: The case for stable population with moderately low fertility and modest immigration

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderic Beaujot
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Stable Population ◽  
Stationary Population

Commentary on Anatole Romaniuk (2017), Stationary Population, Immigration, Social Cohesion and National Identity: What are the Links and the Policy Implications? With special attention to Canada. A Demographer’s point of view

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