scholarly journals Structure and function of .GAMMA.-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor: Current state and prospectives.

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinya KURIYAMA ◽  
Masaaki HIROUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Function

Porters and neurotransmitter transporters.

1994 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nelson ◽  
H Lill
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Gradient ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Neurotransmitter Transporters ◽  
Vesicular Transporters ◽  
And Function ◽  
Potassium Gradient

Uptake of neurotransmitters involves multiple transporters acting in different brain locations under different physiological conditions. The vesicular transporters are driven by a proton-motive force generated by a V-ATPase and their substrates are taken up via proton/substrate exchange. The plasma membrane transporters are driven by an electrochemical gradient of sodium generated by a Na+/K(+)-ATPase. Two distinct families of transporters were identified in this group. One cotransports sodium with glutamate and other amino acids and requires additionally an outwardly directed potassium gradient. The second cotransports sodium, chloride and a variety of neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine and monoamines. Genes and cDNA encoding several members of the latter family have been cloned and studied in detail. The structure and function as well as the evolutionary relationships among these neurotransmitter transporters are discussed.

Molecular Targets of Cannabinoids Associated with Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Paudel ◽  
Samir Ross ◽  
Xing-Cong Li
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives

: Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to address depression, a major neurological disorder affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Cannabinoids and their synthetic derivatives have demonstrated numerous neurological activities and may potentially be developed into new treatments for depression. This review highlights cannabinoid (CB) receptors, monoamine oxidase (MAO), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, and cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor as key molecular targets of cannabinoids that are associated with depression. The anti-depressant activity of cannabinoids and their binding modes with cannabinoid receptors are discussed, providing insights into rational design and discovery of new cannabinoids or cannabimimetic agents with improved druggable properties.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor binding selectively depleted by viral induced granule cell loss in hamster cerebellum

1976 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi Simantov ◽  
Mary Lou Oster-Granite ◽  
Robert M. Herndon ◽  
Solomon H. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

scholarly journals Microorganisms in the human gut: Diversity and function

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Karen P. Scott ◽  
Sylvia H. Duncan ◽  
Petra Louis ◽  
Harry J. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Function ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Research into the microbial community within the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has developed from investigating micro-organisms that cause disease to trying to establish those that are important to maintain health. Thus we are now at a point where the bacterial community in healthy individuals has been well characterized, emphasizing the huge interindividual variation that exists. Molecular advances have also facilitated initial studies on establishing the composition of the viral and eukaryotic communities. In this article, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge, illustrating the structure and function of the gut microbial community.

A comparison of similar ionic responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yarowsky ◽  
D. O. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Identified Neurons ◽  
Ionic Conductance ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Antagonists ◽  
Conductance Increase ◽  
Alpha Bungarotoxin ◽  
Cl Conductance

1. Fast Na+-, Cl-, and K+-Conductance increase responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) show times to peak similar to the comparable ionic responses to acetylcholine (ACh). 2. On some identified neurons, both putative transmitters elicit responses due to the same conductance change. For example, in cell R2 both substances cause an increase in Cl- conductance. Receptors for GABA and ACh on R2 do not cross desensitize and therefore are distinct. The ACh but not the GABA response is blocked by alpha-bungarotoxin and strychnine. 3. In R2 both responses reverse at -58 mV, and the Cl- ionophore (for both responses) appears to be partially permeant to propionate and isethionate, but impermeant to acetate, sulfate, and methylsulfate. 4. The Cl- responses but not the Na+ responses to both ACh and GABA are blocked by both picrotoxin and bicuculline, the classical GABA antagonists. 5. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the ionophores associated with receptors to different neurotransmitters but mediating the same ionic conductance change have many common properties and may, in fact, be identical. Bicuculline and picrotoxin may be specific blockers of the Cl- ionophore, not the GABA receptor.

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