Secondary Particle Generation at Low Monomer Concentrations in Seeded Growth Reaction of Tetraethyl Orthosilicate.

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
EIICHI MINE ◽  
MIKIO KONNO
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Seeded Growth ◽  
Particle Generation ◽  
Growth Reaction

Preparation of monodisperse silica particles with controllable size and shape

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Zhang ◽  
P. Zhan ◽  
Z. L. Wang ◽  
W. Y. Zhang ◽  
N. B. Ming
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Band Gap ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Gap Effect ◽  
Silica Spheres ◽  
Seeded Growth ◽  
Growth Technique ◽  
Monodisperse Silica ◽  
Photonic Band ◽  
Controllable Size

The effects of dilution of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with ethanol on the shape and monodispersity of silica particles were investigated. The results indicated that the dilution of TEOS with ethanol can depress the formation of new nuclei and the aggregation or adhesion of particles and make the distillation of TEOS unnecessary to achieve monodispersed silica spheres. A seeded growth technique using continuous drop addition of TEOS diluted with 4× volume of ethanol was developed to improve monodispersity and spheric shape and increase the size of silica particles. The monodisperse silica particles (150 nm ± 5%−1.2 μm ± 1%) with fine spheric shape were successfully synthesized by the seeded growth technique. Using the homemade 280 nm ± 2.8% silica spheres, we prepared opals of high quality which showed periodically ordered packing and a photonic band-gap effect.

Peculiarities of secondary particle generation process in Pb-Pb interactions at 158A GeV

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Astafyeva ◽  
N. A. Dobrotin ◽  
I. M. Dremin ◽  
E. L. Feinberg ◽  
L. A. Goncharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Particle Generation

Particle characterization of CVD tungsten metallization for 64 MBIT DRAM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
Marylyn Bennett-Lilley ◽  
Thomas T.H. Fu ◽  
David D. Yin ◽  
R. Allen Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Particle Characterization ◽  
Particle Generation ◽  
Tungsten Hexafluoride ◽  
Homogeneous Particle ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Circuit Density ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) tungsten metallization is used to increase VLSI device performance due to its low resistivity, and improved reliability over other metallization schemes. Because of its conformal nature as a blanket film, CVD-W has been adapted to multiple levels of metal which increases circuit density. It has been used to fabricate 16 MBIT DRAM technology in a manufacturing environment, and is the metallization for 64 MBIT DRAM technology currently under development. In this work, we investigate some sources of contamination. One possible source of contamination is impurities in the feed tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) gas. Another is particle generation from the various reactor components. Another generation source is homogeneous particle generation of particles from the WF6 gas itself. The purpose of this work is to investigate and analyze CVD-W process-generated particles, and establish a particle characterization methodology.

Crystal structure-size relationship in ultrafine metallic particles

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Lattice Defects ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Seeded Growth ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Interfacial Structures ◽  
Typical Particle ◽  
Many Particles

Ultrafine particles usually have unique physical properties. This study illustrates how the lattice defects and interfacial structures between particles are related to the size of ultrafine crystalline gold particles.Colloidal gold particles were produced by reducing gold chloride with sodium citrate at 100°C. In this process, particle size can be controlled by changing the concentration of the reactant. TEM samples are prepared by transferring a small amount of solution onto a thin (5 nm) carbon film which is suspended on a copper grid. In this work, all experiments were performed with Philips 430T at 300 kV.With controlled seeded growth, particles of different sizes are produced, as shown in Figure 1. By a careful examination, it can be resolved that very small particles have lattice defects with complex interfaces. Some typical particle structures include multiple twins, resulting in a five-fold symmetry bicrystals, and highly disordered regions. Many particles are too complex to be described by simple models.

Piezoelectric β-polymorph formation of new textiles by surface modification with coating process based on interfacial interaction on the conformational variation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 31301
Author(s):  
Nabil Chakhchaoui ◽  
Rida Farhan ◽  
Meriem Boutaldat ◽  
Marwane Rouway ◽  
Adil Eddiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Carbon Nanofillers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Applications

Novel textiles have received a lot of attention from researchers in the last decade due to some of their unique features. The introduction of intelligent materials into textile structures offers an opportunity to develop multifunctional textiles, such as sensing, reacting, conducting electricity and performing energy conversion operations. In this research work nanocomposite-based highly piezoelectric and electroactive β-phase new textile has been developed using the pad-dry-cure method. The deposition of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) − carbon nanofillers (CNF) − tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), Si(OCH2CH3)4 was acquired on a treated textile substrate using coating technique followed by evaporation to transform the passive (non-functional) textile into a dynamic textile with an enhanced piezoelectric β-phase. The aim of the study is the investigation of the impact the coating of textile via piezoelectric nanocomposites based PVDF-CNF (by optimizing piezoelectric crystalline phase). The chemical composition of CT/PVDF-CNC-TEOS textile was detected by qualitative elemental analysis (SEM/EDX). The added of 0.5% of CNF during the process provides material textiles with a piezoelectric β-phase of up to 50% has been measured by FTIR experiments. These results indicated that CNF has high efficiency in transforming the phase α introduced in the unloaded PVDF, to the β-phase in the case of nanocomposites. Consequently, this fabricated new textile exhibits glorious piezoelectric β-phase even with relatively low coating content of PVDF-CNF-TEOS. The study demonstrates that the pad-dry-cure method can potentially be used for the development of piezoelectric nanocomposite-coated wearable new textiles for sensors and energy harvesting applications. We believe that our study may inspire the research area for future advanced applications.

Hard X-ray radiation and fast particle generation using multiterawatt laser pulses

1999 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Andreev ◽  
V.E. Yashin ◽  
Aleksandr V. Charukhchev
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Fast Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Generation
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