Seeded Growth: Avoidance of Secondary Particle Formation

2001 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
D. S. Jayasuriya ◽  
R. H. Ottewill
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Seeded Growth

Modelling secondary particle formation in emulsion polymerisation: application to making core–shell morphologies

Polymer ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (17) ◽  
pp. 4557-4570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Ferguson ◽  
Gregory T. Russell ◽  
Robert G. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Emulsion Polymerisation

Effects of meteorology and secondary particle formation on visibility during heavy haze events in Beijing, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Jiannong Quan ◽  
Xuexi Tie ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Quan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Beijing China

Secondary particle formation in seeded suspension polymerization

Polymer ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odinei Hess Gonçalves ◽  
Ricardo A.F. Machado ◽  
Pedro Henrique Hermes de Araújo ◽  
José M. Asua
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Particle Formation

Modelling particle size distributions and secondary particle formation in emulsion polymerisation

Polymer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (26) ◽  
pp. 7099-7112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M. Coen ◽  
Robert G. Gilbert ◽  
Bradley R. Morrison ◽  
Hartmann Leube ◽  
Sarah Peach
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Emulsion Polymerisation

scholarly journals Time-resolved characterization of primary particle emissions and secondary particle formation from a modern gasoline passenger car

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 8559-8570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panu Karjalainen ◽  
Hilkka Timonen ◽  
Erkka Saukko ◽  
Heino Kuuluvainen ◽  
Sanna Saarikoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Driving Patterns

Abstract. Changes in vehicle emission reduction technologies significantly affect traffic-related emissions in urban areas. In many densely populated areas the amount of traffic is increasing, keeping the emission level high or even increasing. To understand the health effects of traffic-related emissions, both primary (direct) particulate emission and secondary particle formation (from gaseous precursors in the exhaust emissions) need to be characterized. In this study, we used a comprehensive set of measurements to characterize both primary and secondary particulate emissions of a Euro 5 level gasoline passenger car. Our aerosol particle study covers the whole process chain in emission formation, from the tailpipe to the atmosphere, and also takes into account differences in driving patterns. We observed that, in mass terms, the amount of secondary particles was 13 times higher than the amount of primary particles. The formation, composition, number and mass of secondary particles was significantly affected by driving patterns and engine conditions. The highest gaseous and particulate emissions were observed at the beginning of the test cycle when the performance of the engine and the catalyst was below optimal. The key parameter for secondary particle formation was the amount of gaseous hydrocarbons in primary emissions; however, also the primary particle population had an influence.

scholarly journals New particle formation infrequently observed in Himalayan foothills – why?

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13193-13228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neitola ◽  
E. Asmi ◽  
M. Komppula ◽  
A.-P. Hyvärinen ◽  
T. Raatikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Secondary Particle ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
New Particle Formation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Himalayan Foothills ◽  
Particle Formation And Growth ◽  
Himalayan Aerosols

Abstract. A fraction of the Himalayan aerosols originate from secondary sources, which are currently poorly quantified. To clarify the climatic importance of regional secondary particle formation at Himalayas, data from 2005 to 2010 of continuous aerosol measurements at a high-altitude (2180 m) Indian Himalayan site, Mukteshwar, were analyzed. For this period, the days were classified, and the particle formation and growth rates were calculated for clear new particle formation (NPF) event days. The NPF events showed a pronounced seasonal cycle. The frequency of the events peaked in spring, when the ratio between event and non-event days was 53 %, whereas the events were truly sporadic on any other seasons. The annual mean particle formation and growth rates were 0.40 cm−3 s−1 and 2.43 nm h−1, respectively. The clear annual cycle was found to be mainly controlled by the seasonal evolution of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height together with local meteorological conditions. Spring NPF events were connected with increased PBL height, and therefore characterised as boundary layer events, while the rare events in other seasons represented lower free tropospheric particle formation.

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