scholarly journals Head-related transfer functions of the Mongolian gerbil in the median plane

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katuhiro Maki ◽  
Shigeto Furukawa ◽  
Tatsuya Hirahara
Keyword(s):  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Median Plane

Mechanism for generating peaks and notches of head-related transfer functions in the median plane

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 3832-3841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Takemoto ◽  
Parham Mokhtari ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Ryouichi Nishimura ◽  
Kazuhiro Iida
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Median Plane

Headphone Localization of Speech

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durand R. Begault ◽  
Elizabeth M. Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
Distance Judgments ◽  
Display Systems

Three-dimensional acoustic display systems have recently been developed that synthesize virtual sound sources over headphones based on filtering by headrelated transfer functions (HRTFs), the direction-dependent spectral changes caused primarily by the pinnae. In this study 11 inexperienced subjects judged the apparent spatial location of headphone-presented speech stimuli filtered with nonindividualized HRTFs. About half of the subjects "pulled" their judgments toward either the median or the lateral-vertical planes, and estimates were almost always elevated. Individual differences were pronounced for the distance judgments; 15% to 46% of stimuli were heard inside the head, with the shortest estimates near the median plane. The results suggest that most listeners can obtain useful azimuth information from speech stimuli filtered by nonindividualized HRTFs. Measurements of localization error and reversal rates are comparable with a previous study that used broadband noise stimuli.

Upper hemisphere sound image control with horizontal-arranged loudspeakers based on parametric head-related transfer functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072-1082
Author(s):  
Syumpei Miura ◽  
Kenta Iwai ◽  
Yoshiharu Soeta ◽  
Takanobu Nishiura
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Interaural Level Difference ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Television System ◽  
Sound System ◽  
High Definition Television ◽  
Sound Image

The 22.2 multichannel sound system has been developed for an ultra high-definition television system. This system consists of twenty two loudspeakers and two sub-woofers called low frequency effects, and can reproduce three-dimensional sound image appropriate to the ultra high-definition television system. However, this system has a problem of high cost to install. On the other hand, the multichannel sound system with horizontal-arranged loudspeakers has lower cost to install than full scale one. However, this system cannot reproduce an upper sound image. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the upper sound image control with horizontal-arranged loudspeakers based on the parametric head-related transfer functions. The proposed method generates binaural signals to control the sound image elevationally based on the parametric head-related transfer functions in the median plane. Also, the proposed system uses the interaural level difference to control the sound image of binaural signals azimuthally. Finally, the proposed method generates output signals for horizontal-arranged loudspeakers from binaural signals by designing a multichannel inverse system based on multi-input / output inverse theorem. The experimental results show that the proposed method can control the sound image to elevation angle with the same accuracy as binaural lreproduction. The 22.2 multichannel sound system has been developed for an ultra high-definition television system. This system consists of twenty loudspeakers and two sub-woofers called low frequency effects, and can reproduce three-dimensional sound image appropriate to the ultra high-definition television system. However, this system has a problem of high cost to install. On the other hand, the multichannel sound system with horizontal-arranged loudspeakers has lower cost to install than full scale one. However, this system cannot reproduce an upper sound image. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the upper sound image control with horizontal-arranged loudspeakers based on the parametric head-related transfer functions. The proposed method generates binaural signals to control the sound image elevationally based on the parametric head-related transfer functions in the median plane. Also, the proposed system uses the interaural level difference to control the sound image of binaural signals azimuthally. Finally, the proposed method generates output signals for horizontal-arranged loudspeakers from binaural signals by designing a multichannel inverse system based on multi-input / output inverse theorem. The experimental results show that the proposed method can control the sound image to elevation angle with the same accuracy as binaural reproduction.

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