Polypseudorotaxane Formation of Randomly-Pegylated Insulin with Cyclodextrins: Slow Release and Resistance to Enzymatic Degradation

Taishi Higashi; Fumitoshi Hirayama; Shogo Misumi; Keiichi Motoyama; Hidetoshi Arima; Kaneto Uekama

doi:10.1248/cpb.57.541

Polypseudorotaxane Formation of Randomly-Pegylated Insulin with Cyclodextrins: Slow Release and Resistance to Enzymatic Degradation

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/cpb.57.541 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 541-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Taishi Higashi ◽

Fumitoshi Hirayama ◽

Shogo Misumi ◽

Keiichi Motoyama ◽

Hidetoshi Arima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Degradation ◽

Slow Release ◽

Pegylated Insulin

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Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogels and their application in slow-release systems for proteins

Journal of Environmental Polymer Degradation ◽

10.1007/bf02070694 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 253-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Kesuo Fan ◽

Denis Gonzales ◽

Martin Sevoian

Keyword(s):

Glutamic Acid ◽

Enzymatic Degradation ◽

Slow Release

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Role of the exosporial membrane in attachment and germination of C. sporogenes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146035 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 38-39

Author(s):

B.J. Panessa-Warren ◽

G.T. Tortora ◽

J.B. Warren

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Degradation ◽

Light Transmission ◽

Extended Period ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Clostridium Sporogenes ◽

Radiation Chemical ◽

Physical Trauma ◽

Extended Contact ◽

Cold Pressure

Some bacteria are capable of forming highly resistant spores when environmental conditions are not adequate for growth. Depending on the genus and species of the bacterium, these endospores are resistant in varying degrees to heat, cold, pressure, enzymatic degradation, ionizing radiation, chemical sterilants,physical trauma and organic solvents. The genus Clostridium, responsible for botulism poisoning, tetanus, gas gangrene and diarrhea in man, produces endospores which are highly resistant. Although some sporocides can kill Clostridial spores, the spores require extended contact with a sporocidal agent to achieve spore death. In most clinical situations, this extended period of treatment is not possible nor practical. This investigation examines Clostridium sporogenes endospores by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy under various dormant and growth conditions, cataloging each stage in the germination and outgrowth process, and analyzing the role played by the exosporial membrane in the attachment and germination of the spore.

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