scholarly journals Characterization of a minor compound, which accompanies the usual 22.ALPHA.(R)-O, 25.BETA.(S)-spirostanol glycoside, as a novel type of 22.BETA.(S)-O, 25.ALPHA.(S) analog.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 4229-4232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Kudo ◽  
Kazumoto Miyahara ◽  
Nobuhiro Marubayashi ◽  
Toshio Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Spirostanol Glycoside ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Compound

scholarly journals Occurrence of fatty acid epoxide hydrolases in soybean (Glycine max). Purification and characterization of the soluble form

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Blée ◽  
F Schuber
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Soluble Enzyme ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Epoxide Hydrolases ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity ◽  
A Minor

Epoxide hydrolases catalysing the hydration of cis-9,10-epoxystearate into threo-9,10-dihydroxystearate have been detected in soybean (Glycine max) seedlings. The major activity was found in the cytosol, a minor fraction being strongly associated with microsomes. The soluble enzyme, which was purified to apparent homogeneity by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, hydrophobic, DEAE- and gel-filtration chromatographies, has a molecular mass of 64 kDa and a pI of 5.4.

Detection and characterization of a factor which rescues spliceosome assembly from a heat-inactivated HeLa cell nuclear extract

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3425-3431
Author(s):  
P Delannoy ◽  
M H Caruthers
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hela Cell ◽  
Nuclear Extract ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Splicing Factor ◽  
Nuclear Extracts ◽  
Small Nuclear Rnas ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cell Nuclear Extract

Mild heat treatment of HeLa cell nuclear extracts (NE) selectively inhibits pre-mRNA splicing. Heat-inactivated extracts can be complemented by a small amount of untreated NE. Utilizing this complementation assay and a combination of ion-exchange, affinity, and hydrophobic chromatography, a heat reversal factor (HRF) was purified from NE that is required to rescue pre-mRNA splicing from a heat-inactivated extract. This activity in its most purified form consistently copurified in a fraction containing two 70-kDa proteins and a minor polypeptide of approximately 100 kDa. It was free of the major small nuclear RNAs, sensitive to protease, and required to rescue spliceosome formation from a heat-inactivated nuclear extract. These results suggest that this factor is a protein that may be an important component in pre-mRNA splicing, or alternatively, it may be involved in renaturation of a heat-sensitive splicing factor.

Functional Characterization of GABAA Receptors in Neonatal Hypothalamic Brain Slice

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1655-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Qi Huang ◽  
Glenn H. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Hypothalamic Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings

The hypothalamus influences a number of autonomic functions. The activity of hypothalamic neurons is modulated in part by release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA onto these neurons. GABAA receptors are formed from a number of distinct subunits, designated α, β, γ, δ, ε, and θ, many of which have multiple isoforms. Little data exist, however, on the functional characteristics of the GABAA receptors present on hypothalamic neurons. To gain insight into which GABAA receptor subunits are functionally expressed in the hypothalamus, we used an array of pharmacologic assessments. Whole cell recordings were made from thin hypothalamic slices obtained from 1- to 14-day-old rats. GABAA receptor-mediated currents were detected in all neurons tested and had an average EC50 of 20 ± 1.6 μM. Hypothalamic GABAA receptors were modulated by diazepam (EC50 = 0.060 μM), zolpidem (EC50 = 0.19 μM), loreclezole (EC50 = 4.4 μM), methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-β-carboline (EC50= 7.7 μM), and 5α-pregnan-3α-hydroxy-20-one (3α-OH-DHP). Conversely, these receptors were inhibited by Zn2+ (IC50 = 70.5 μM), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (IC50 = 16.7 μM), and picrotoxin (IC50 = 2.6 μM). The α4/6-selective antagonist furosemide (10–1,000 μM) was ineffective in all hypothalamic neurons tested. The results of our pharmacological analysis suggest that hypothalamic neurons express functional GABAA receptor subtypes that incorporate α1 and/or α2 subunits, β2 and/or β3 subunits, and the γ2 subunit. Our results suggest receptors expressing α3–α6, β1, γ1, and δ, if present, represent a minor component of functional hypothalamic GABAA receptors.

scholarly journals Aldehyde dehydrogenase is essential for both adult and larval ethanol resistance in Drosophila melanogaster

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES D. FRY ◽  
MOLLY SAWEIKIS
Keyword(s):  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Ethanol Sensitivity ◽  
Fruit Breeding ◽  
Structural Locus ◽  
Ethanol Resistance ◽  
A Minor

The enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is essential for ethanol metabolism in mammals, converting the highly toxic intermediate acetaldehyde to acetate. The role of ALDH in Drosophila has been debated, with some authors arguing that, at least in larvae, acetaldehyde detoxification is carried out mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the enzyme responsible for converting ethanol to acetaldehyde. Here, we report the creation and characterization of four null mutants of Aldh, the putative structural locus for ALDH. Aldh null larvae and adults are poisoned by ethanol concentrations easily tolerated by wild-types; their ethanol sensitivity is in fact comparable to that of Adh nulls. The results refute the view that ALDH plays only a minor role in ethanol detoxification in larvae, and suggest that Aldh and Adh may be equally important players in the evolution of ethanol resistance in fruit-breeding Drosophila.

scholarly journals Characterization of two Cucumber mosaic virus isolates infecting Allium cepa in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Adyatma I. SANTOSA ◽  
Filiz ERTUNC
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Severe Leaf

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is polyphagous, infecting plants in several families. CMV has occurred as a minor pathogen in Allium crops in several Mediterranean countries, but little was known of the virus naturally infecting Allium spp. This study completed molecular and biological characterization of CMV-14.3Po and CMV-15.5Po, two newly identified CMV isolates infecting onion (Allium cepa L.) in Turkey. Phylogenetic, and nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity analyses of partial RNA2 and RNA3 of the two isolates showed that they were very similar to other CMV isolates from Mediterranean, European, and East Asian countries. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequence of RNA3 also showed that the onion isolates belong to subgroup IA. Onion isolates were mechanically transmissible, and caused mild leaf malformation on onion, severe leaf malformation and stunting on garlic (Allium sativus L.), and mosaic and mottle on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and melon (Cucumis melo L.).

scholarly journals The alpha/B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant exhibits significantly higher affinity for ACE-2 and requires lower inoculation doses to cause disease in K18-hACE2 mice

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Bayarri-Olmos ◽  
Laust Bruun Johnsen ◽  
Manja Idorn ◽  
Line S Reinert ◽  
Anne Rosbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
A Minor

The alpha/B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 lineage emerged in autumn 2020 in the United Kingdom and transmitted rapidly until winter 2021 when it was responsible for most new COVID-19 cases in many European countries. The incidence domination was likely due to a fitness advantage that could be driven by the RBD residue change (N501Y), which also emerged independently in other Variants of Concern such as the beta/B.1.351 and gamma/P.1 strains. Here we present a functional characterization of the alpha/B.1.1.7 variant and show an eight-fold affinity increase towards human ACE-2. In accordance with this, transgenic hACE-2 mice showed a faster disease progression and severity after infection with a low dose of B.1.1.7, compared to an early 2020 SARS-CoV-2 isolate. When challenged with sera from convalescent individuals or anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies, the N501Y variant showed a minor, but significant elevated evasion potential of ACE-2/RBD antibody neutralization. The data suggest that the single asparagine to tyrosine substitution remarkable rise in affinity may be responsible for the higher transmission rate and severity of the B.1.1.7 variant.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bacterial Communities on North Sea Macroalgae and Characterization of the Isolated Planctomycetes Adhaeretor mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., Roseimaritima multifibrata sp. nov., Rosistilla ulvae sp. nov. and Rubripirellula lacrimiformis sp. nov.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Sandra Wiegand ◽  
Patrick Rast ◽  
Nicolai Kallscheuer ◽  
Mareike Jogler ◽  
Anja Heuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Epiphytic Communities ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Phylum Planctomycetes

Planctomycetes are bacteria that were long thought to be unculturable, of low abundance, and therefore neglectable in the environment. This view changed in recent years, after it was shown that members of the phylum Planctomycetes can be abundant in many aquatic environments, e.g., in the epiphytic communities on macroalgae surfaces. Here, we analyzed three different macroalgae from the North Sea and show that Planctomycetes is the most abundant bacterial phylum on the alga Fucus sp., while it represents a minor fraction of the surface-associated bacterial community of Ulva sp. and Laminaria sp. Especially dominant within the phylum Planctomycetes were Blastopirellula sp., followed by Rhodopirellula sp., Rubripirellula sp., as well as other Pirellulaceae and Lacipirellulaceae, but also members of the OM190 lineage. Motivated by the observed abundance, we isolated four novel planctomycetal strains to expand the collection of species available as axenic cultures since access to different strains is a prerequisite to investigate the success of planctomycetes in marine environments. The isolated strains constitute four novel species belonging to one novel and three previously described genera in the order Pirellulales, class Planctomycetia, phylum Planctomycetes.

Electrophoretic characterization of Solomon Islands populations of Nyctimene and Rousettus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Macaranas ◽  
D Colgan ◽  
S Ingleby
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Bismarck Archipelago ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Two Populations

The taxonomic status of fruitbats belonging to the genera Nyctimene and Rousettus from the Solomon Islands was investigated using allozyme electrophoresis. Two populations from the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea) were included as reference profiles. The allozyme data at 23 loci assigned all specimens into either Nyctimene albiventer or Nyctimene major. The N. albiventer specimens comprised two subspecies, N. a. papuanus from the Bismarck Archipelago and N. a. bougainville from the Solomon Islands. No support was evident for bougainville being a separate species, and indeed the data suggest that N. a. bougainville encompasses the previously described species N. malaita and subspecies N. a. minor. Genetic distances between populations of R. amplexicaudatus from the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands were generally low, supporting recent morphological assessments that the subspecies hedigeri, from the majority of the Solomon Islands, should be considered synonymous with subspecies brachyotis. An individual from Choiseul (Solomon Islands) with a distinctive allozyme profile is the only evidence of taxonomic complexity in R. amplexicaudatus.

scholarly journals New Kaempferol 3,7-Diglycosides from Asplenium ruta-muraria and Asplenium altajense

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Iwashina ◽  
Junichi Kitajima ◽  
Takayuki Mizuno ◽  
Sergey V. Smirnov ◽  
Oyunchimeg Damdinsuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Minor Compound ◽  
C Nmr

A flavonoid was isolated from the fronds of Asplenium ruta-muraria and A. altajense (Aspleniaceae) collected in the Altai Mountains and adjacent area. The compound was identified as kaempferol 3- O- β-[(6″′- E-caffeoylglucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-glucopyranoside]-7- O- β-glucopyranoside (1) by UV, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS, and acid and alkaline hydrolyses. Another flavonoid (2) was isolated from A. altajense, as a minor compound, together with 1 and identified as deacylated compound 1, i.e. kaempferol 3- O-laminaribioside-7- O-glucoside. They were found in nature for the first time.

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