A Novel Method to Identify Illegal Diesel Fuel, II: the Use of [1-D]n-Alkane with Stable Hydrogen Isotope Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaeko Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Korenaga ◽  
Yoshito Chikaraishi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope

scholarly journals Mass spectrometric measurement of hydrogen isotope fractionation for the reactions of chloromethane with OH and Cl

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Keppler ◽  
Enno Bahlmann ◽  
Markus Greule ◽  
Heinz Friedrich Schöler ◽  
Julian Wittmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Measurement ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Chlorine Radicals ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope

Abstract. Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is an important provider of chlorine to the stratosphere but yet lacks detailed knowledge of its budget. Stable isotope analysis is potentially a powerful tool to constrain CH3Cl flux estimates. The largest degree of isotope fractionation is expected to occur for deuterium in CH3Cl in the hydrogen abstraction reactions with its main sink reactant tropospheric OH and its minor sink reactant Cl atoms. We determined the isotope fractionation by stable hydrogen isotope analysis of the fraction of CH3Cl remaining after reaction with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals in a 3.5 m3 Teflon smog-chamber at 293 ± 1 K. We measured the increasing stable hydrogen isotope values of the unreacted CH3Cl using compound specific thermal conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The isotope fractionations of CH3Cl for the reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals were found to be −242 ± 7 mUr (or ‰) and −280 ± 11 mUr, respectively. For comparison, we performed similar experiments using methane (CH4) as the target compound with OH and obtained a fractionation constant of −205 ± 6 mUr which is in good agreement with values previously reported. The observed large kinetic isotope effects are helpful when employing isotopic analyses of CH3Cl in the atmosphere to improve our knowledge of its atmospheric budget.

scholarly journals Using stable isotopes to estimate migratory connectivity for a patchily distributed, wetland-associated Neotropical migrant

The Condor ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Reese ◽  
Catherine Viverette ◽  
Christopher M Tonra ◽  
Nicholas J Bayly ◽  
Than J Boves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Migratory Connectivity ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Abundance Data ◽  
Assignment Model ◽  
Breeding Distribution ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Estimates of migratory connectivity are needed for full annual cycle population models of migratory bird species experiencing rapid declines in abundance. One technique to determine migratory connectivity is through stable isotope analysis. This low-resolution method may be influenced by how data are calibrated between isotopes measured in precipitation and those measured in feathers, and can be informed by incorporating relative abundance into the assignment model. eBird abundance maps are a new tool combining citizen science data into a predictive species distribution model. In the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea), a wetland-associated songbird with a patchy breeding distribution, we sought to use stable-hydrogen isotope analysis informed by a species-specific calibration equation and eBird abundance data to determine the strength of migratory connectivity. We developed a species-specific calibration equation using known-origin samples from the breeding grounds and found that stable-hydrogen isotope values measured in precipitation explained 50% of the variation in stable-hydrogen isotope values among feathers. We found that the assignment model incorporating eBird abundance data correctly identified the true origins of 66% of individuals, and that the average assignment area (as a measure of precision) was 64% of the breeding distribution. These results represented a 7% increase in precision and a 3% decrease in accuracy when compared to a model that was not informed by abundance. Based on these models, wintering populations from 6 countries represented a mix of likely breeding origins, suggesting low migratory connectivity for Prothonotary Warblers. We found evidence that wintering latitude was related to likely breeding origin, with individuals at western wintering locations more likely to have southern breeding origins, but this relationship was weak. These results corroborate studies using archival light-level geolocators and high-resolution genetic markers, which also demonstrated weak migratory connectivity in this species. For patchily distributed species, eBird abundance data may not provide a useful increase in precision and accuracy for isotope assignments.

Using Stable Hydrogen Isotope Analysis of Feathers to Delineate Origins of Harvested Sandhill Cranes in the Central Flyway of North America

Waterbirds ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
Steven Van Wilgenburg ◽  
Leonard I. Wassenaar ◽  
Helen Hands ◽  
William P. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Sandhill Cranes ◽  
Central Flyway

scholarly journals Mass spectrometric measurement of hydrogen isotope fractionation for the reactions of chloromethane with OH and Cl

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 6625-6635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Keppler ◽  
Enno Bahlmann ◽  
Markus Greule ◽  
Heinz Friedrich Schöler ◽  
Julian Wittmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Measurement ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Chlorine Radicals ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope

Abstract. Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is an important provider of chlorine to the stratosphere but detailed knowledge of its budget is missing. Stable isotope analysis is a potentially powerful tool to constrain CH3Cl flux estimates. The largest degree of isotope fractionation is expected to occur for deuterium in CH3Cl in the hydrogen abstraction reactions with its main sink reactant tropospheric OH and its minor sink reactant Cl atoms. We determined the isotope fractionation by stable hydrogen isotope analysis of the fraction of CH3Cl remaining after reaction with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals in a 3.5 m3 Teflon smog chamber at 293 ± 1 K. We measured the stable hydrogen isotope values of the unreacted CH3Cl using compound-specific thermal conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The isotope fractionations of CH3Cl for the reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals were found to be -264±45 and -280±11 ‰, respectively. For comparison, we performed similar experiments using methane (CH4) as the target compound with OH and obtained a fractionation constant of -205±6 ‰ which is in good agreement with values previously reported. The observed large kinetic isotope effects are helpful when employing isotopic analyses of CH3Cl in the atmosphere to improve our knowledge of its atmospheric budget.

scholarly journals STABLE HYDROGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF BAT HAIR AS EVIDENCE FOR SEASONAL MOLT AND LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Cryan ◽  
Michael A. Bogan ◽  
Robert O. Rye ◽  
Gary P. Landis ◽  
Cynthia L. Kester
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope

Stable hydrogen isotope analysis as a method to identify illegally trapped songbirds

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kelly ◽  
Richard Thompson ◽  
Jason Newton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope

Multiproxy Record of Late Pleistocene–Holocene Climate and Vegetation Changes from a Peat Bog in Patagonia

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Pendall ◽  
Vera Markgraf ◽  
James W. C. White ◽  
Mark Dreier ◽  
Ray Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
Peat Core ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope

AbstractPollen assemblage changes and stable hydrogen isotope analysis of mosses (Sphagnum magellanicum and Drepanocladus s.l.) from a bog in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, provided independent proxies for reconstructing changes in effective moisture and temperature over the past 16,000 cal yr B.P. A deterministic model was used to reconstruct the stable hydrogen isotope composition of meteoric water from the D/H ratios of bog mosses over the last 16,000 years. Abrupt changes in temperature, as recorded in D/H ratios of moss cellulose, were accompanied by synchronous changes in vegetation composition during the late Pleistocene and early and middle Holocene, when moisture levels were lower than today. In contrast, temperature variability during the late Holocene was not accompanied by comparable vegetation changes. In particular, grass pollen (Poaceae) increased during periodic cold spells between 15,000 and 11,000 cal yr B.P., but a cold spell of similar magnitude ca. 2000 cal yr B.P. did not appear to affect vegetation. During the late Pleistocene, the isotopic record from the peat core shows variations similar to the D/H ratios in the Antarctic Taylor Dome ice core. However, the timing of the changes in the Harberton record is more in line with the timing of other Southern Hemisphere records.

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