Mixing Schemes and Liquid–Solid Phase Diagram in the Water-Rich Region of Aqueous 2-Butoxyethanol

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2393-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikata Koga ◽  
Toshiaki Tanaka ◽  
Tooru Atake ◽  
Peter Westh ◽  
Aase Hvidt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Mixing Schemes

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Study of Tl6SBr4 Compound and Some Regularities in Thermodynamic Properties of Thallium Chalcohalides

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunya Mahammad Babanly ◽  
Qorkhmaz Mansur Huseynov ◽  
Ziya Saxaveddin Aliev ◽  
Dilgam Babir Tagiyev ◽  
Mahammad Baba Babanly
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Thermodynamic Study ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Emf Measurements ◽  
Concentration Cells

The solid-phase diagram of the Tl-TlBr-S system was clarified and the fundamental thermodynamic properties of Tl6SBr4 compound were studied on the basis of electromotive force (EMF) measurements of concentration cells relative to a thallium electrode. The EMF results were used to calculate the relative partial thermodynamic functions of thallium in alloys and the standard integral thermodynamic functions (-ΔfG0, -ΔfH0, and S0298) of Tl6SBr4 compound. All data regarding thermodynamic properties of thallium chalcogen-halides are generalized and comparatively analyzed. Consequently, certain regularities between thermodynamic functions of thallium chalcogen-halides and their binary constituents as well as degree of ionization (DI) of chemical bonding were revealed.

Ionic conductivity in the water-rich region of aqueous 2-butoxyethanol

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1294-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikata Koga ◽  
Virginia J. Loo ◽  
Kataryna T. Puhacz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Molar Conductivity ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Network ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Mixing Schemes ◽  
Bond Network

Ionic conductivities of HCl, KOH, and KCl were measured in aqueous solutions of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) at 25 °C. The quantity, Λj′ = σ/xj, which is almost proportional to the molar conductivity, was extrapolated to the infinite dilution xj → 0. σ is the conductivity and xj is the mole fraction of j(= HCl, KOH, or KCl). The plots of 0Λj′, the value of Λj′ extrapolated to infinite dilution, against xBE showed a change in slope at xBE = 0.0175. The previous work from this laboratory indicated that the mixing scheme changes qualitatively at the same locus, xBE = 0.0175. By mixing scheme we simply mean the way in which BE and H2O molecules mix with each other. Assuming additivity in 0Λj′ in terms of constituent ions, those values for H+OH− were calculated. Plots of [Formula: see text] thus calculated as a function of xBE in the water-rich region, 0 < xBE < 0.0175, suggest that the hydrogen bond probability decreases in the bulk of solution, as xBE increases. Keywords: aqueous 2-butoxyethanol, ionic conductivities, mixing schemes, hydrogen bond network.

Compressibilités de l'eau et du benzène dans tout le domaine de miscibilité du système eau + 2-propanol + benzène

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-958
Author(s):  
Daniel Hétu ◽  
Jaime Lara ◽  
Jacques E. Desnoyers
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Intermediate Region ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Isentropic Compressibilities ◽  
Inverse Micelles ◽  
Mixed Aggregates ◽  
Apparent Molar Compressibilities ◽  
Sound Velocities

Sound velocities have been measured over the whole miscibility domain of the water + 2-propanol + benzene system. The apparent molar isentropic compressibilities of benzene and water were calculated from these data. The apparent molar compressibilities of benzene and water present large changes in the water-rich and benzene-rich regions, respectively, whereas the changes are smooth in the intermediate region. These results suggest that microtransitions similar to the formation of micelles and inverse micelles occur at the two ends of the phase diagram. The regularity of the intermediate region is consistent with a bicontinuous model of microemulsions. For the water-rich region, the compressibilities of transfer of benzene at infinite dilution, from water to water + 2-propanol mixtures, were simulated with the model of Roux and co-workers. This simulation tends to confirm that the alcohol and the benzene form mixed aggregates. Keywords: compressibility, ternary system, microemulsion, water, benzene, 2-propanol.

Phase Diagram and Precipitation Behaviour in Ni-Rich Region of Ni-Ta-Al Ternary System

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 2329-2332
Author(s):  
Yuhki Tsukada ◽  
Koichi Hasuike ◽  
Yoshinori Murata ◽  
Masahiko Morinaga
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
High Melting ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
High Melting Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Behaviour ◽  
Phase Relationships

Tantalum (Ta) addition is one of the promising method for increasing the strength of Ni-based wrought alloys such as Inconel 718, because Ta is an element having a high melting temperature. For wrought alloys, it is necessary to make clear the phase relationships at 700~1000°C, but there is a few report on phase diagrams of Ni-Ta and Ni-Ta-Al systems at those temperatures. In this study, the phase diagram in Ni-rich region of Ni-Ta-Al system at 800°C, which is the important temperature for the practical use of the wrought alloys, was investigated. The equilibrium relations of each phase were examined by a conventional XRD, SEM/EDX and TEM observations. It was found that the γ-phase region expanded considerably towards Ta-rich compositional region in Ni-Ta-Al system at 800°C. Also, it was observed that the γ phase precipitated secondarily in the primary precipitated γ’ phase in Ni-10.5mol%Ta-5.5mol%Al alloy. Ni8Ta phase was not detected even in Ni-Ta binary system in this study, although this phase was reported previously.

scholarly journals Liquid-solid Phase Diagram of (+) and (−) 5-Decanolide

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 206 (4979) ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. M. REK
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Solid Phase

CF4: Crystal Structure and Solid Phase Diagram with Ar

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 4583-4586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Greer ◽  
Lothar Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Solid Phase

Phase diagram of the system CaSO4—K2SO4—KNO3—Ca(NO3)2—H2O

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Jurišová ◽  
Vladimír Danielik ◽  
Pavel Fellner ◽  
Marek Lencsés ◽  
Milan Králik
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Primary Crystallization ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Calcium Cations ◽  
Lower Ratio

Abstract Potassium nitrate as a fertilizer suitable for greenhouse and hydroponic applications can be prepared by the reaction of potassium sulphate with calcium nitrate. However, it may happen that simultaneously with the precipitation of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) also two other binary salts, viz. syngenite (K2SO4·CaSO4·H2O) and görgeyite (K2SO4·5CaSO4·H2O) can crystallize. This would lower the yield of KNO3. For minimization of potassium loss we have to determine the conditions under which syngenite and görgeyite crystallize. As a useful tool for the quantitative determination of specific hydrates, simultaneous DTA/TG technique appeared. Each hydrate decomposes at a certain temperature. The loss of water at dehydration can be used for a quantitative determination of the amount of the hydrate in the precipitating solid phase. Based on the experimental data several conclusions can be drawn: (i) excess of calcium cations lowers the concentration of sulphate ions in the liquid phase together with lowering of contents of syngenite and görgeyite in the solid phase; (ii) higher content of water results in a higher solubility of sulphate ions; (iii) joint crystallization of syngenite and gypsum occurs in the composition area interesting from the point of KNO3 production; (iv) area of the primary crystallization of görgeyite does not exist in the phase diagram at 80 °C. However, görgeyite crystallizes at the molar ratio Ca(NO3)2:K2SO4 = 1:1 by ternary crystallization; (v) area of crystallization of pure gypsum is shifted to lower ratio Ca(NO3)2:K2SO4 by the addition of water to the system.

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