scholarly journals The Allylic Rearrangement of Linalyl Acetate in the Medium of Acetic Acid, Propionic Acid, or Acetic Acid Containing Dioxane or Sulfuric Acid

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Kogami ◽  
Ju Kumanotani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Allylic Rearrangement ◽  
Linalyl Acetate

scholarly journals Evaluation of pre-germinative treatments in seeds of Cereus jamacaru DC subsp. jamacaru (Cactaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e2139108369
Author(s):  
José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra ◽  
Viviane Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Cicero dos Santos Leandro ◽  
Natália Barbosa Campos ◽  
José Iago Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The City

Cereus jamacaru DC subsp. jamacaru (mandacaru) is an endemic species in Brazil belonging to Cactaceae of great ecological importance, as it is a pioneer in the colonization of arid and inhospitable environments, and contributes directly to the food chain for its fruits highly appreciated by fauna. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate, through chemical scarification, the germinative behavior of C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru. The cactus seeds were collected in May 2016 in the city of Quixelô-CE-Brazil. The acids used in chemical scarification were acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, propionic acid and sulfuric acid for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The seeds were placed in Petri dishes, and placed to germinate in a B.O.D. with a light/dark cycle of 12 hrs at 30 ºC. Daily readings were performed and analyzed: percentage of germination, Germination Speed ​​Index (GSI) and mean germination time (Tm). The results indicate that acids negatively interfere in seed germination when compared to the control group, mainly acetic and propionic acid, since at the end of the experiment only 8% of the seeds germinated when subjected to acetic acid, and 4% to the propionic. In addition, there was also a significant increase in Tm. Thus, water is the best method of obtaining a higher percentage of germination of C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru.

Excess molar volumes of binary mixtures of acetic acid and propionic acid with some members of homologous series of alkanes

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Drábek ◽  
Ivan Cibulka
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Excess Molar Volumes ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Entire Concentration Range ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Alkane Molecule ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Excess molar volumes of binary liquid mixtures of (acetic or propionic acid = hexane) at 25 and 35°C, and (acetic or propionic acid + heptane or octane) and (acetic acid + dodecane) at 25°C, measured with a tilting dilution dilatometer, are reported. The excess volumes are positive over the entire concentration range for all mixtures and increase with increasing length of an alkane molecule, decrease with increasing of the alkyl chain in a molecule of carboxylic acid, and increase with increasing temperature.

Vapour-liquid equilibrium in the ternary system cyclohexane-acetic acid-propionic acid

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2840-2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Malijevská ◽  
Alena Maštalková ◽  
Marie Sýsová
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Error Propagation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Propagation Law ◽  
Equilibrium Data

Isobaric equilibrium data (P = 101.3 kPa) for the system cyclohexane-acetic acid-propionic acid have been measured by two different analytical techniques. Activity coefficients calculated by simultaneous solving of equations for the chemical and phase equilibria were subjected to a consistency test based on inaccuracies determined from the error propagation law, and were correlated by Wilson’s equation. The activity coefficients measured were compared with those calculated from binary vapour-liquid equilibrium data and with values predicted by the UNIFAC method.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals Effects of the Forage Type and Chop Length of Ramie Silage on the Composition of Ruminal Microbiota in Black Goats

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Shengnan Sun ◽  
Zhenping Hou ◽  
Qiuzhong Dai ◽  
Duanqin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Optimal Quality

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the forage type and chop length of ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.) silage on rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiota in black goats. Sixteen Liuyang black goats (22.35 ± 2.16 kg) were fed with the roughage of corn silage or ramie silage at chop lengths of 1, 2, or 3 cm. The Chao 1 index and the observed number of microbial species differed significantly between the corn and ramie silage groups (p < 0.05); however, Firmicutes (relative proportion: 34.99–56.68%), Bacteroidetes (27.41–47.73%), and Proteobacteria (1.44–3.92%) were the predominant phyla in both groups. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia (0.32–0.82%) was lowest for the 2 and 3 cm chop lengths (p < 0.05) and was negatively correlated with rumen pH and propionic acid concentration (p < 0.05), but positively correlated with the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p < 0.05). The ramie silage fermentation quality was highest for the 1 cm chop length, suggesting that moderate chopping produces optimal quality silage.

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