Studies on Salt Solution Aerosols. VI. Droplet Size Determination of Aqueous Sodium Sulfate Solution Aerosols by Chemical Spot Method

1972 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Ueno ◽  
Isamu Sano
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Sodium Sulfate Solution ◽  
Size Determination ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

scholarly journals The Resistance of New Kind of High-Strength Cement after 5 Years Exposure to Sulfate Solution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Bačuvčík ◽  
Pavel Martauz ◽  
Ivan Janotka ◽  
Branislav Cvopa
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Sodium Sulfate Solution ◽  
Sulfate Resistance ◽  
Reference Medium

This article deals with the determination of technically important properties, the recognition of microstructure and pore structure, and the mortar resistance of a new cement kind NONRIVAL CEM I 52.5 N containing 7.94% wt. of C3A to 5% sodium sulfate solution. Both reference types of cement were industrially manufactured: 1) ordinary Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R and 2) Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R – SR 0, declared as sulfate resistant because of C3A = 0%. The research was carried out at standardized mortars. The used sodium sulfate solution, which contained 33802.8 mg of aggressive SO4 2− per liter, exceeded approximately 5 to 10 times the concentration of the third degree of aggressiveness of the XA chemical environment according to STN EN 206 + A1. The reference medium was drinking water. The 5-year results of non-destructive and destructive physical-mechanical tests as well as the formed microstructure and pore structure in both liquid media were evaluated. The cause of the NONRIVAL CEM I 52.5 N sulfate resistance was explained, despite the manufacturer’s declared C3A content of up to 8% by weight. Sulfate resistance of NONRIVAL CEM I 52.5 N is found comparable to that of sulfate resistant CEM I 42.5 R – SR 0.

X-Ray Microtomography of an Astm C109 Mortar Exposed to Sulfate Attack

1994 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Bentz ◽  
Nicos. S. Martys ◽  
P. Stutzman ◽  
M. S. Levenson ◽  
E.J. Garboczi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Sodium Sulfate Solution ◽  
Mortar Sample ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimensional Image

AbstractX-ray microtomography can be used to generate three-dimensional 5123 images of random materials at a resolution of a few micrometers per voxel. This technique has been used to obtain an image of an ASTM C109 mortar sample that had been exposed to a sodium sulfate solution. The three-dimensional image clearly shows sand grains, cement paste, air voids, cracks, and needle-like crystals growing in the air voids. Volume fractions of sand and cement paste determined from the image agree well with the known quantities. Implications for the study of microstructure and proposed uses of X-ray microtomography on cement-based composites are discussed.

Durability of cement mortars incorporating limestone filler exposed to sodium sulfate solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaesuk Ryou ◽  
Seungtae Lee ◽  
Daewook Park ◽  
Seongsoo Kim ◽  
Hoseop Jung
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Sodium Sulfate Solution ◽  
Limestone Filler ◽  
Cement Mortars

scholarly journals Deterioration Regularity of Sodium Sulfate Solution Attack on Cemented Coal Gangue-Fly Ash Backfill under Drying-Wetting Cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shaojie Chen ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Dawei Yin ◽  
Junbiao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Sodium Sulfate Solution ◽  
Sulfate Ion ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Ion Contents ◽  
The Masses

To research the properties of cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill (CGFB) exposed to different concentrations of sodium sulfate solutions under drying-wetting cycles, the mass changes, uniaxial compressive strengths, sulfate ion contents at different depths, and microstructures of CGFB samples were measured in this study. The results show that the CGFB samples were damaged by salt crystallization in the dry state and attacked by the expansive products in the wet state. The sulfate ion contents in CGFB samples increased with the sulfate concentrations and drying-wetting cycles and decreased from the surface to the inside of the samples. The damage process of CGFB samples evolved from the surface to the inside. In the early stage of corrosion, sulfate ions adsorbed to the surface of CGFB samples and consumed nonhydrated particles to form acicular ettringite and other products that filled the material pores. For this stage, the driving force of sulfate ions to enter into the CGFB samples was the highest for the samples immersed in 15% sodium sulfate solution, and the masses and strengths increased the fastest. As the drying-wetting cycles continued, the nonhydrated particles inside the samples were nearly completely hydrated, and the samples were constantly damaged by salt crystallization and dissolution. The corrosion ions entered into the samples and consumed portlandite to produce a large amount of prismatic ettringite and aggravated the internal corrosion of CGFB samples. At the fifteenth drying-wetting cycle, the higher the salt concentration of the immersion solution was, the faster the masses and the strengths of CGFB samples decreased. Moreover, the surface spalling and failure of CGFB samples were more severe.

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