scholarly journals Absorption Spectra of 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone in Mixed Solvents of Carbon Tetrachloride and Ethyl Alcohol

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1384-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Suda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Mixed Solvents

scholarly journals A METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR THE SYSTEM: BENZENE – ETHYL ALCOHOL – CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

1947 ◽  
Vol 25b (3) ◽  
pp. 228-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
S. I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

The densities and refractive indices (Nc) of binary and ternary mixtures of benzene, ethyl alcohol, and carbon tetrachloride have been determined at 25 °C. From these data, a method for the analysis of ternary liquid mixtures of these components has been developed. The limit of accuracy in the analysis of ternary mixtures of the pure components is 0.3%. The method can be applied to the analysis of commercial materials with an accuracy of 2.0%.

Color Reactions of Rubber and Gutta-Percha

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
F. Kirchhof
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Characteristic Absorption ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Color Reactions

Abstract A previous article of mine entitled “Observations on Color Reactions of Rubber and Gutta-Percha” has led to the question whether intensely colored reaction products which are obtained by fusion of phenols with bromides of hydrocarbons give characteristic absorption spectra. I have carried out a few preliminary experiments on this subject, which appear to confirm my earlier point of view that the cause of the different colorations is to be found in dispersion color reactions. It is well known that when rubber bromide or gutta-percha bromide is suspended in carbon tetrachloride and is heated with phenol until the carbon tetrachloride is eliminated, a red-violet to blue fusion mixture is obtained, which gives colors of various stabilities depending upon the solvent into which the fusion mixture is dropped. Thus the blue and violet colorations in chloroform are stable for some time, but they change gradually to green and then to brown, with separation of a flocculent precipitate. Yellow-brown reaction products (hydroxyphenylhydrorubber and gutta-percha) are however obtained in the presence of catalysts (iron, aluminum chloride) or by the action of alkalies (NH3, KOH) or by pouring the blue-violet fusion mixtures into ether.

scholarly journals The absorption spectra of halogens and inter-halogen compounds in solution in carbon tetrachloride

1929 ◽  
Vol 124 (795) ◽  
pp. 604-616 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Halogen Compounds ◽  
Inert Solvent ◽  
The Mean

When two solutions are mixed the absorption spectrum of the new solution will be the mean of those of the separate solutions provided that no chemical interaction occures. The mere fact of a departure from additivity does not, however, necessarily denote the formation of true chemical compounds. The solute or solutes may undergo solvation, loosely bound aggregates may occur, and even when marked deviations from the simple law of mixtures are observed it is rarely possible to prove the quantitative formation of a given chemical compound from spectroscopic data alone. The above considerations apply with some force to the problem of the absorption spectra of halogens and inter-halogen compounds in an inert solvent. The three elements show perfectly characteristic absorption bands, they are known to interact with the formation of some quite stable compounds, some relatively stable compounds, and some apparently very unstable compounds.

scholarly journals The behaviour of electrolytes in mixed solvents. Part. III.–The molecular refractivities and partial molar volumes of lithium chloride in water-ethyl alcohol solutions

1931 ◽  
Vol 131 (817) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Partial Molar Volumes ◽  
Ammonium Iodide ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Value Of It ◽  
Water Alcohol

It is well known that the molecular refractivity of most salts, as calculated by the Lorentz-Lorenz formula, is nearly independent of the concentration in moderately dilute aqueous solutions. Walden determined the refractivities of tetra-ethyl-ammonium iodide and other similar salts in a variety of solvents and found that, while the molecular refractivity was approximately independent of the concentration in each solvent, it varied from one solvent to another, the greatest variation from the value in water, amounting to about 2 per cent., being obtained in nitro-methane, Schreiner has recently determined the molecular refractivity of hydrogen chloride and lithium chloride in methyl and ethyl alcohols, and found that in the case of lithium chloride the value is independent of the concentration up to a concentration of about 3 M. His values for R 18 D for lithium chloride are: 8.73 in water, 8.55 in methyl alcohol and 8.38 in ethyl alcohol. The difference between the values in water and ethyl alcohol appeared to make it just possible to determine the variation of the refractivity with the composition of the solvent in mixtures of water and the alcohol. It is possible that a solvent might he found, miscible in water in all proportions, in which the value of It is further removed from that in water. Such a substance would he more suitable than alcohol for the investigation of this effect, but in order to correlate the results with the measurements recorded in Part II of the activities of alcohol and water in water-alcohol-lithium chloride solutions, it seemed desirable to investigate this case in the first instance. The variation of the refractivity of a salt with the composition of a mixed solvent may be expected to give some indication of the composition of the solvent in the immediate vicinity of the ions. For the refractivity of a salt is determined by (1) the polarisability of the ions themselves and (2) the change in the polarisability of the solvent produced by their presence. The molecular refractivity of a salt in a solution containing m grams of a salt in w grams of the solvent is taken as R = M/ m ( n 2 -1/ n 2 + 2 . w + m / d - n 2 0 -1/ n 2 0 + 2 . w / d 0 (1) where n , and d and n 0 , d 0 are the refractive index and density of the solution and of the solvent, respectively, and M the molecular weight of the salt.

Electronic Transitions in a Classical Antiferroelectric Banana-Shaped Compound

2010 ◽  
Vol 428-429 ◽  
pp. 317-321
Author(s):  
Bao Gai Zhai ◽  
Yuan Ming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Methyl Benzoate ◽  
Electronic Transitions ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectra ◽  
Dilute Solutions

The electronic transitions in a classical banana-shaped liquid crystal 1,3-phenylene-bis [4-(4-octylphenylimino) methyl] benzoate have been investigated by measuring its optical absorption spectra in dilute solutions of ethyl alcohol and by calculating its electronic structures with extended Hückel tight binding program. The banana-shaped compound shows strong absorptions at 240, 280, 350 nm, respectively. On the basis of the calculated electronic structures, the three strong absorptions can be assigned to the *, n*, and nn* electronic transitions in this banana-shaped compound.

Substituent and solvent effects on the reaction between 2,6-Di-t-butyl-α-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-p-tolyloxyl (galvinoxyl) and phenols

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nishimura ◽  
K Okahashi ◽  
T Yukutomi ◽  
A Fujiwara ◽  
S Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Transition States ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Substituted Phenols ◽  
Kinetic Behaviour

Rate constants and associated activation parameters for the reaction of galvinoxyl with substituted phenols were obtained in carbon tetrachloride and in cyclohexane-dioxan binary mixtures. Substantial isotope effects were observed for O-deuterated phenols. The rate constants are correlated with σ+ values. These findings are discussed by considering the polar contribution of substituents to the stabilization of the transition states. In the mixed solvents, the kinetic behaviour is well expressed by the equations which are based on the theory of Kondo and Tokura.

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