scholarly journals A finite element analysis of bending stresses induced in external and internal involute spur gears

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bending Stresses

scholarly journals A Method of Selecting Grid Size to Account for Hertz Deformation in Finite Element Analysis of Spur Gears

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Coy ◽  
C. Hu-Chih Chao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Grid Size ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Element Size ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis

A method of selecting grid size for the finite element analysis of gear tooth deflection is presented. The method is based on a finite element study of two cylinders in line contact, where the criterion for establishing element size was that there be agreement with the classic Hertzian solution for deflection. Many previous finite element studies of gear tooth deflection have not included the full effect of the Hertzian deflection. The present results are applied to calculate deflection for the gear specimen used in the NASA spur gear test rig. Comparisons are made between the present results and the results of two other methods of calculation. The results have application in design of gear tooth profile modifications to reduce noise and dynamic loads.

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of a Spur Gear Considering Mass Relief Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Lauro Miguel Lima Rocha ◽  
Marco Túlio Santana Alves
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Thickness ◽  
Structural Influence ◽  
Maximum Stresses

This paper deals with analyzing the structural influence of mass reliefs in spur gears. For this purpose, a system composed of pinion and a gear was designed, such that for gear several geometries were designed with different reliefs shapes and soul thicknesses. From the proposed geometries, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed, and the tooth stresses of each model were compared with the solid gear. From the results, it was observed that the tooth stresses are reduced in some cases. Besides, from the aforementioned cases, it is possible to observe that the maximum stresses may take place in its core instead of the teeth (rim area). On the other hand, based on other cases, the core thickness plays an important role as a criterion that defines the local stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Rim Thickness on Spur Gear Bending Stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Bibel ◽  
S. K. Reddy ◽  
M. Savage ◽  
R. F. Handschuh
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
High Power ◽  
Design Parameter ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bending Stresses

Thin rim gears find application in high-power, lightweight aircraft transmissions. Bending stresses in thin rim spur gear tooth fillets and root areas differ from the stresses in solid gears due to rim deformations. Rim thickness is a significant design parameter for these gears. To study this parameter, a finite element analysis was conducted on a segment of a thin rim gear. The rim thickness was varied and the location and magnitude of the maximum bending stresses reported. Design limits are discussed and compared with the results of other researchers.

Design and Analysis of Internal Gears With Different Rim Thickness and Shapes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Karpat ◽  
S. Ekwaro-Osire ◽  
T. G. Yilmaz ◽  
O. Dogan ◽  
C. Yuce
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fillet Radius ◽  
Tooth Stiffness ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Internal Gear

In recent years, thanks to their significant advantages such as compactness, large torque-to-weight ratio, large transmission ratios, reduced noise and vibrations, internal gears have been used in automotive and aerospace applications especially in planetary gear drives. Although internal gears have a number of advantages, they have not been studied sufficiently. Internal gears are manufactured by pinion type cutters which are nearly identical with pinion gear except the addendum factor which is 1.25 instead of 1. The tip geometry of a pinion type cutter which determines the fillet of internal gear tooth can be sharp or rounded. In this study, the design of internal gears were investigated by using a traditional approach. Mathematical equations of pinion type cutter were obtained by using differential geometry, then the equations of internal gear tooth were derived accurately by using coordinate transformations and relative motion between the pinion type cutter and internal gear blank. A computer program was generated to attain points of internal gear teeth and three dimensional design of complete gear. 20°-20° were used as pressure angle. To find optimum internal gear geometry, different rim thicknesses and shapes are tried out for finite element analyses. There were several parameters that were shown to effect the performance of the internal gears, with tooth stiffness being the most significant parameter. Tooth stiffness was also vitally influence the dynamic analysis. In order to compute gear tooth stiffness of the internal gear with various rim thicknesses and shapes, finite element analysis was used. A static analysis was performed to assess the gear bending stress and tooth displacement. Tetrahedral element type was selected for meshing. The internal gear outer ring was fixed and the force of 2500 N was applied on the tooth. According to the displacement values from the analysis internal gear tooth stiffness were calculated individually. Additionally, the effect of root bending stress with varying rim thickness, shapes, and root radius were investigated. The bending stresses were calculated according to ISO 6336 and using finite element analysis were shown to be in good agreement. It was shown that when the rim thickness and fillet radius were increased, the maximum bending stresses decreased considerably. As rim thickness was increased, the maximum bending stress decreased nearly 23%. It was also shown that as the fillet radius decreased, the maximum bending stress increased, whereas the rim stresses slightly changed. As the fillet radius was decreased, the maximum bending stress increased nearly 10%. It was also observed that when rim thickness was increased, the stress on the rim was decreased, whereas tooth stiffness was increased. However, fillet radius had no visible effect both on rim stress and tooth stiffness. Furthermore, it was shown that the rim shape had significant effect on rim stress.

scholarly journals Design and Stress Analysis of Low-Noise Adjusted Bearing Contact Spiral Bevel Gears

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Fuentes ◽  
Faydor L. Litvin ◽  
Baxter R. Mullins ◽  
Ron Woods ◽  
Robert F. Handschuh
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Analysis Computer ◽  
Spiral Bevel

An integrated computerized approach for design and stress analysis of low-noise spiral bevel gear drives with adjusted bearing contact has been developed. The computational procedure is an iterative process requiring four separate steps that provide: (a) a parabolic function of transmission errors that is able to reduce the effect of errors of alignment, and (b) reduction of the shift of bearing contact caused by misalignment. Application of finite element analysis permits the contact and bending stresses to be determined and the formation of the bearing contact to be investigated. The design of finite element models and boundary conditions is automated and does not require intermediate CAD computer programs. A commercially available finite element analysis computer program with contact capability is used to conduct the stress analysis. The theory developed is illustrated with numerical examples.

Search method applied for gear tooth bending stress prediction in normal contact ratio asymmetric spur gears

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (24) ◽  
pp. 4647-4663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Thomas ◽  
K Sankaranarayanasamy ◽  
S Ramachandra ◽  
SP Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Search Method ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Normal Contact

Various analytical methods have been developed by designers to predict gear tooth bending stress in asymmetric spur gears with an intention to improve the accuracy of predicted results and to reduce the need for time consuming finite element analysis at the early stages of gear design. Asymmetry in the drive and coast side of asymmetric spur gears poses difficulty in direct application of well-known procedures like American Gear Manufacturers Association and International Organization for Standardization in the prediction of gear tooth bending stress. In earlier works, ISO-6336-3 methodology was suitably modified and adapted to predict asymmetric spur gear tooth bending stress. This approach is based on certain assumptions on the location of critical section which could introduce error in the predicted maximum bending stress. The present work is to analytically predict gear tooth bending stress in normal contact ratio asymmetric spur gears based on a more rigorous analytical approach. This includes a fundamental study on the gear tooth orientation used to define the coordinate system, determination of maximum bending stress by search along the fillet profile and to obtain stress profile along the fillet. Gear tooth bending stress obtained from the present work using Search method is compared against the results obtained from earlier adapted International Organization for Standardization method and Finite Element Analysis. This study recommends a new coordinate system and method for analytical prediction of gear tooth bending stress in normal contact ratio asymmetric spur gears.

3-D Finite Element Analysis of Long Fiber Reinforced Composite Spur Gears

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çağdaş Alagöz ◽  
M. A. Sahir Arıkan ◽  
Ö. Gündüz Bilir ◽  
Levend Parnas
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽  
Failure Index ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Processing Module ◽  
Long Fibers

Abstract A method and a computer program are developed for 3-D finite element analysis of long fiber reinforced composite spur gears, in which long fibers are arranged along tooth profiles. For such a structure, the gear is composed of two regions; namely the long fiber reinforced and the chopped fiber reinforced regions. Pre and post-processing modules of the program for the finite element analysis are written in Borland Delphi Pascal 3.0®. ABAQUS® is used for finite element analysis. Main inputs for the pre-processing module of the program are, information on basic gear geometry, gear drive data, material properties and long fiber reinforcement geometry. Finite element meshes are automatically generated and mesh information with other required data are written to a file in the input-file-format of ABAQUS®. Stresses are read from the output file of ABAQUS® by the post-processing module, and color-coded drawings for various stresses and failure index are displayed. For the long fiber reinforced region, failure indexes are calculated by using the tensor polynomial failure criterion. Effects of reinforcing thickness and location of long fibers on gear strength are investigated. Stresses and failure index are calculated for different materials and fiber volume ratios.

Error Analysis on Finite Element Modeling of Involute Spur Gears

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian D. Wang ◽  
Ian M. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Wide Range

Finite element analysis can incorporate two-dimensional (2D) modeling if the geometry, load, and boundary conditions meet the requirements. For many applications, a wide range of problems are solved in 2D, due to the efficiency and costs of computation. However, care has to be taken to avoid modeling errors from significantly influencing the result. When the application area is nonlinear, such as when modeling contact problems or fracture analysis, etc, the 2D assumption must be used cautiously. In this paper, a large number of 2D and three-dimensional (3D) gear models were investigated using finite element analysis. The models included contact analysis between teeth in mesh, a gear body (disk), and teeth with and without a crack at the tooth root. The model results were compared using parameters such as the torsional (mesh) stiffness, tooth stresses and the stress intensity factors that are obtained under assumptions of plane stress, plane strain, and 3D analysis. The models considered variations of face width of the gear from 5 mm to 300 mm. This research shows that caution must be used especially where 2D assumptions are used in the modeling of solid gears.

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