scholarly journals The Physiology Of Excretion In A Blood-Sucking Insect, Rhodnius Prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

1931 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-427
Author(s):  
V. B. WIGGLESWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Clear Fluid ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

An adult Rhodnius will ingest from two to three times its weight of blood at a single meal, and about three-quarters of the water in this blood is excreted as a clear fluid during the next three or four hours. This fluid is alkaline (pH 7.8), more or less isotonic with the blood (sp. gr. 1.007; Δ = 0.62-0.68), and serves for the elimination of most of the sodium and potassium chlorides in the meal. It also contains urea, bicarbonate, sulphate and uric acid. After the first day, the urine gradually becomes acid (pH 6.0-6.5 and much more concentrated, and contains a yellow pigment. Uratic spheres appear and increase in number until the urine is semi-solid. The urine now contains only traces of sodium, potassium, chloride and urea. There are small amounts of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sulphate, creatine and probably amino acids. There is never any ammonia. Almost all the nitrogen is excreted as uric acid. This is in the form of minute spheres with radial striation, in which about 80 to 90 per cent, of the uric acid is free; the rest, presumably, as sodium and potassium acid urate.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition of Three Popular Wild Mushrooms from Poland

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3588
Author(s):  
Michalina Gałgowska ◽  
Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The region of Warmia and Mazury is characterized by the special diversity and richness of its natural environment, including large forest complexes, where wild mushrooms are commonly collected and consumed. This study aimed to examine the differences in mineral content (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese) of three species of mushrooms collected in north-eastern Poland. The research material consisted of dried samples of king bolete (Boletus edulis), bay bolete (Boletus badius), and chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) collected in the region of Warmia and Mazury. The content of the above-mentioned elements in mushroom fruit bodies was determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (acetylene-air flame) and the emission technique (acetylene-air flame) for sodium and potassium. For the majority of micro- and macroelements, the studies confirmed the presence of significant differences in their content, depending on the species of fungi. The studied mushrooms cover a significant percentage of daily demand for many of the minerals. This concerns mainly copper, zinc, and potassium, although none of the species was a good source of calcium and sodium. Among the analyzed mushrooms, chanterelle is the best source of most minerals.

scholarly journals Biochemical profile of Mangalarga Marchador mares during the last third of pregnancy, foaling and lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Ozana da Silva ◽  
José Dantas Ribeiro Filho ◽  
Waleska de Melo Ferreira Dantas ◽  
Bruna Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Pedro Ancelmo Nunes Ermita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT: Adaptive changes in metabolism may occur under specific physiological conditions, being necessary the knowledge of the biochemical constituents that can undergo variations during the sixty days before foaling, until the first sixty days of lactation. The present study aimed to identify and evaluate the biochemical profile of Mangalarga Marchador mares during the last third of pregnancy, foaling and lactation. For this, 48 mares were used, which formed a maintenance group (MG), composed of non-pregnant mares and an experimental group, called the transition group (TG), formed by pregnant mares. Blood samples were collected at the following times: MG was evaluated in a single time (beginning of all collections); TG was evaluated in seven times [T-60, T-30, T-15 (days before foaling), T0 (first six hours after foaling), T15, T30, T60 (days after foaling)]. All animals were submitted to biochemical analysis, in which the concentrations of total calcium, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, uric acid, creatinine, and urea were measured. The two groups differed significantly (P<0.05) in calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, creatinine, uric acid and urea concentration. Variation between times was also observed for these compounds. However, chloride and phosphorus did not differ between MG and TG. It was concluded that the last third of pregnancy, foaling and lactation exerts major influence on the biochemical constituents of blood through adjustments to maintain homeostasis in mares.

scholarly journals Ice and mineral licks used by caribou in winter

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Heard ◽  
T. Mark Williams
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Mineral Licks ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

In winter, barren-ground caribou obtain minerals from ice and soil licks. Between December and April we have seen caribou cratering on the surface of frozen lakes and licking the ice. Ice samples from eight licks on four lakes contained concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, chloride and sulphate many times higher than in the surrounding unlicked ice or than would be expected in lake water. Soil licks being used in March and June had high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium phosphorus and potassium. In winter caribou may be seeking supplements of all of the major mineral elements (calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium) at ice and soil licks because lichens, their staple winter diet, are low in minerals and may also reduce the absorption of some minerals.

The Physiology Of Excretion In A Blood-Sucking Insect, Rhodnius Prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

1931 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. WIGGLESWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Uric Acid Excretion ◽  
Malpighian Tube ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Rectal Glands ◽  
Relative Solubility ◽  
Different Levels

A theory of uric acid excretion is put forward according to which potassium or sodium acid urate is secreted in solution in the upper part of the Malpighian tube, and water and base reabsorbed from the lower part of the tube, leading to a precipitation of free uric acid; so that the same water and base are circulated and used repeatedly. The evidence for this theory is presented under four heads: (i) General evidence from the histology of the Malpighian tube and the relative solubility of uric acid and urates. (ii) Experiments with vital dyes. Thus, neutral red is taken up from the blood by the upper segment of the Malpighian tube, and from the lumen of the tube in the lower segment. It is suggested that water follows the same route. (iii) The application of ligatures to the tubes at different levels shows that uric acid is not secreted by the lower segment. (iv) Experiments with indicators show that the contents of the tube are faintly alkaline (pH 7.2) in the upper segment, and acid (pH 6.6) in the lower segment. Uric acid in solution has a pH about6.5. It is suggested that the terminal ampullae of the Malpighian tubes, and possibly the rectal glands, also play a part in the reabsorption of water

Analysis in the Concentration, Determination and Comparison of some Mineral Elements in the Natural Salt-Licks Utilized by Elephants: Mt. Elgon National Park Case Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1796-1800
Author(s):  
Anne J. Sitienei ◽  
Ji Wen Ge ◽  
Shadrack M. Ngene ◽  
Mupenzi Jean De La Paix ◽  
Fred. K. Waweru
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The aim of the study undertaken at Mt. Elgon National Park was to determine the chemical composition and variation of some mineral elements in saltlicks utilized by elephants in Mt. Elgon National Park. Laboratory analysis was done for individual identification and determination of the concentration for sodium potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Rock samples were processed using Double Acid Technique. The elephants of Mt. Elgon have been engaging in earth eating behaviour. regular visits to saltlicks located in caves is as a result of some of the mineral elements such as sodium potassium and calcium. The park management could overcome the problem of elephants entering the saltlicks by having sodium and potassium mineral supplement policy for the park.

Plasma Uric Acid Concentration Related to the Urinary Excretion of Aldosterone and of Electrolytes in Normal Subjects

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Ramsay ◽  
R. M. Auty ◽  
C. E. Horth ◽  
D. Levine ◽  
J. R. Shelton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. The relations between the concentration of plasma uric acid and urinary excretion of aldosterone, sodium and potassium, were studied in ten healthy males on a diet containing 160 mmol of sodium and 90 mmol of potassium per day. 2. Plasma uric acid correlated positively with aldosterone excretion and this correlation was statistically independent of sodium and potassium excretion. 3. Plasma uric acid correlated positively with potassium excretion and negatively with the urinary sodium/potassium ratio. There was no significant simple correlation with sodium excretion but the partial correlation of plasma uric acid and sodium excretion was negative and significant when excretion of aldosterone and potassium were held constant.

scholarly journals Coffee Brews: Are They a Source of Macroelements in Human Nutrition?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Ewa Olechno ◽  
Anna Puścion-Jakubik ◽  
Katarzyna Socha ◽  
Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Coffee Brew ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Coffee Brews

Coffee brews, made by pouring water on coffee grounds or brewing in an espresso machine, are among the most popular beverages. The aim of this study was to summarize data on the content of macroelements (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) in coffee brews prepared with different methods, as well as to review the factors influencing the content of the elements. Studies from 2000 to 2020, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, were reviewed. Taking into account the results presented by the authors, we calculated that one portion of coffee brew can cover 7.5% or 6.4% (for women and men) and 6.6% of the daily requirement for magnesium and potassium, respectively. Coffee provides slightly lower amounts of phosphorus (up to 2.2%), sodium (up to 2.2%), and calcium (up to 0.7% of the daily requirement for women and 0.6% for men). If coffee is drunk in the quantity of three to four cups, it can be an important source of magnesium, considering the risk of magnesium deficiency in modern societies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document