The colloid osmotic pressures of invertebrate body fluids

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-671
Author(s):  
C. P. Mangum ◽  
K. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Urine Formation ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Haem Proteins ◽  
Osmotic Activity ◽  
Colligative Properties

Colloid osmotic pressures of the body fluids of twenty invertebrate species were measured directly. The results, which are generally lower than predicted values for the same species, pertain to several physiological questions: (1) they do not quantitatively explain the frequently observed hyperosmoticity of body fluids in species believed to be osmoconformers, indicating that the condition cannot be merely a consequence of a Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium; (2) the excess of hydrostatic over colloid osmotic pressure is very small. This result supports the hypothesis that the oxygen transport function of bloods with extracellular haemocyanins and haem proteins is limited by their colligative properties; (3) the pressure relationships and the absence of colloid osmotic activity in urine indicates that filtration contributes to urine formation in several species.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Urine Formation in Invertebrates

1936 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-328
Author(s):  
L. E. R. PICKEN
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Urine Formation

1. In Carcinus maenas: (a) The blood may be hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic to the external medium. (b) The urine may be hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic to the blood, and its concentration may differ in the two antennary glands. (c) The hydrostatic pressure of the body fluid is c. 13 cm. of water. (d) The colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is c. 11 cm. of water. (e) The urine probably contains protein and has a colloid osmotic pressure of c. 3 cm. of water. 2. In Potamobius fluviatilis: (a) The blood is hypertonic to the external medium. (b) The urine is hypotonic to the blood but hypertonic to the external medium and its concentration may differ in the two antennary glands. (c) The hydrostatic pressure of the body fluid is c. 20 cm. of water. (d) The colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is c. 15 cm. of water. (e) The urine may contain protein and has a colloid osmotic pressure (calculated) of c. 2 cm. of water. 3. In Peripatopsis spp.: (a) The blood is hypertonic to the urine. (b) The hydrostatic pressure of the body fluid is c. 10 cm. of water. (c) The colloid osmotic pressure (calculated) of the blood is c. 5 cm. of water. (d) The urine may contain protein and has a colloid osmotic pressure (calculated) of c. 2.5 cm. of water. 4. It is concluded that filtration is possible and that secretion and resorption almost certainly occur in the formation of the urine. 5. A microthermopile is described. 6. Methods are described for measuring the hydrostatic pressure and the colloid osmotic pressures of the body fluids in small animals.

Influence of stable iodine on the uptake of the thyroid – model vs. experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wellner ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
K. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stable Iodine

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.

IMPLEMENTATION OF FATWA ULAMA COUNCIL ACEH CONCERNING MAINTAINING FARDHU KIFAYAH FOR THE MUSLIM’S CORPSE INFECTED BY COVID 19 IN BANDA ACEH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract: The phenomenon of the people who forcibly took covid's corpse 19 from the hospital to be taken care of by Fardhu Kifayah by his family and the community, became a conclusion that there was community doubt about the management of Tajhiz Mayat conducted by the hospital. Coupled with the circulation of the video of the Ruku movement 'in the corpse prayer conducted by unscrupulous parties at the Hospital, became added doubts from the public against the hospital. To solve this problem, this research uses a Descriptive Analysis approach, namely by formulating a question, namely How to arrange Covid 19's body in Banda Aceh and this question will be answered with several theories and data sets from the field. So it was concluded in a conclusion that answered the formulation of the problems mentioned. Theoretically the spread of covid 19 is very fast, the size of the virus is only 0.1 micrometer and is in body fluids, especially nasopharyngeal fluid and oropharyngeal fluids of infected people, fluids in the body of covid 19 bodies can get out through every gap of the body such as mouth, nose, eye and rectum, because it requires special techniques in its management. Fardhu kifayah to covid 19 bodies should be carried out by trained Ustad and trained health workers, so that the spread stopped. The results of this study concluded that the management of the Moslem bodies died at Zainal Abidin Hospital in Banda Aceh was in accordance with the Fatwa of the Aceh Ulama Council (MPU) and the bodies were handled by trained Ustad and health workers.

scholarly journals Analysis of the ex-vivo transformation of semen, saliva and urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanurup Das ◽  
Abhimanyu Harshey ◽  
Ankit Srivastava ◽  
Kriti Nigam ◽  
Vijay Kumar Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Time Since Deposition ◽  
Dry Out

AbstractThe ex-vivo biochemical changes of different body fluids also referred as aging of fluids are potential marker for the estimation of Time since deposition. Infrared spectroscopy has great potential to reveal the biochemical changes in these fluids as previously reported by several researchers. The present study is focused to analyze the spectral changes in the ATR-FTIR spectra of three body fluids, commonly encountered in violent crimes i.e., semen, saliva, and urine as they dry out. The whole analytical timeline is divided into relatively slow phase I due to the major contribution of water and faster Phase II due to significant evaporation of water. Two spectral regions i.e., 3200–3400 cm−1 and 1600–1000 cm−1 are the major contributors to the spectra of these fluids. Several peaks in the spectral region between 1600 and 1000 cm−1 showed highly significant regression equation with a higher coefficient of determination values in Phase II in contrary to the slow passing Phase I. Principal component and Partial Least Square Regression analysis are the two chemometric tool used to estimate the time since deposition of the aforesaid fluids as they dry out. Additionally, this study potentially estimates the time since deposition of an offense from the aging of the body fluids at the early stages after its occurrence as well as works as the precursor for further studies on an extended timeframe.

scholarly journals Efficient In Vitro Amplification of Chronic Wasting Disease PrPRES

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 9605-9608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Kurt ◽  
Matthew R. Perrott ◽  
Carol J. Wilusz ◽  
Jeffrey Wilusz ◽  
Surachai Supattapone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Significant Step

ABSTRACT Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids is associated with conversion of the normal cervid prion protein, PrPC, to a protease-resistant conformer, PrPCWD. Here we report the use of both nondenaturing amplification and protein-misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to amplify PrPCWD in vitro. Normal brains from deer, transgenic mice expressing cervid PrPC [Tg(cerPrP)1536 mice], and ferrets supported amplification. PMCA using normal Tg(cerPrP)1536 brains as the PrPC substrate produced >6.5 × 109-fold amplification after six rounds. Highly efficient in vitro amplification of PrPCWD is a significant step toward detection of PrPCWD in the body fluids or excreta of CWD-susceptible species.

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