Changes in Chemoreceptor Sensilla on the Maxillary Palps of Locusta Migratoria in Relation to Feeding

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. BERNAYS ◽  
W. M. BLANEY ◽  
R. F. CHAPMAN

1. The electrical resistance across the tips of the maxillary palps of Locusta migratoria is high immediately after a feed, but falls to a steady level in about 2 h after feeding. 2. Only a small proportion of the individual sensilla on the domes of the palps respond to chemical stimulation immediately after feeding, but this proportion increases with the period of food deprivation. 3. Gentle manipulation of the tips of non-responsive sensilla causes them to respond. 4. It is suggested that the terminal pores of the sensilla can open and close and that the resistance across the tips of the palps varies inversely with the number of open sensilla. 5. The possible significance of the changes is discussed.

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
E. A. BERNAYS ◽  
R. F. CHAPMAN

1. The electrical resistance across the tips of the maxillary palps is not affected by stimulation of the palps, but increases to the normal level found after feeding as a result of distension of the foregut with agar or injection of corpus cardiacum homogenates into the haemolymph. 2. No increase in resistance occurs if the posterior pharyngeal nerves or the frontal connectives are cut. 3. It is inferred that distension of the foregut stimulates stretch receptors which, acting via the posterior pharyngeal nerves, the frontal connectives and the brain, cause the release of hormone from the storage lobes of the corpora cardiaca. This hormone acts on the terminal sensilla of the palps, causing them to close and so increasing the resistance across the palps. 4. Release of the diuretic hormone is controlled via the same pathway.


1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-712
Author(s):  
W. M. Blaney ◽  
A. M. Duckett

Palpation increases the amount of sensory input reaching the central nervous system compared with that obtained from sustained contact but that increase is not essential to allow discrimination. During a meal on favoured food, phagostimulatory input from the palps is not needed to drive feeding. When less favoured food is taken, phagostimulatory input from the palps may enhance feeding. Even with favoured food, the palps are important in registering inhibitory substances.


1941 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. A152-A154
Author(s):  
A. V. de Forest ◽  
A. R. Anderson

Abstract In this paper is described a new lateral-strain gage which utilizes the principle of change of electrical resistance in wires with strain. An application of the instrument to the field of photoelasticity is given in which the problem of determining the individual principal stresses in a model can be solved directly when the information given by the isochromatic pattern is combined with the sum of the principal stresses at the points in question, as determined by the new gage.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Amine ◽  
Yamina Mir ◽  
Mimoun Zazoui

Monolithically stacked multijunction solar cells based on III–V semiconductors materials are the state-of-art of approach for high efficiency photovoltaic energy conversion, in particular for space applications. The individual subcells of the multi-junction structure are interconnected via tunnel diodes which must be optically transparent and connect the component cells with a minimum electrical resistance. The quality of these diodes determines the output performance of the solar cell. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the investigation of the tunnel electrical resistance of such a multi-junction cell through the analysis of the current-voltage (J-V) characteristics under illumination. Our approach is based on an equivalent circuit model of a diode for each subcell. We examine the effect of tunnel resistance on the performance of a multi-junction cell using minimization of the least squares technique.


Author(s):  
Liliia Yukhymenko ◽  
Olena Pustovit

The aim of the research: elucidation of autonomic dynamics (according to the electrical resistance of the skin) during functional load, taking into account the individual-typological properties of the nervous system and psychological qualities of the individual. Materials and methods. Determined the functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP, the method of M. V. Makarenko), electrical resistance of the skin (polygraph study), psychological personality traits (16-factor personality questionnaire by Cattell). Results. The relationship between FMNP, individual parameters of skin galvanic response and some personality traits has been identified. The questions concerning the role of individual-typological properties of the nervous system in the development of autonomic reactivity, their connection with psychological personality traits, prediction of possible behavioural reactions and states are considered. Conclusions. It was found that individuals with high FMNP in terms of sensorimotor response, more likely to have a variant of behavioral response, which is characterized by maximum speed and accuracy of the task, low anxiety. However, there is a risk of overstrain of the autonomic nervous system (according to the indicators of the phase electrical resistance of the skin (ERS)). In the case of low levels of FMNP, a variant of behavioural response with relatively low task efficiency, slow autonomic regulatory processes and a tendency to experience is more common. We claim that FMNP is involved in creating a neurodynamic, autonomic and psychological basis for individual behaviour during sensorimotor response in emotionally stressful conditions. The identified differences can be useful for determining the optimal area of ​​professional activity, settling interpersonal relationships in the team, predicting the limits of acceptable actions and human actions, assessing the likelihood of risks of personal responsibility, the degree of stress, and so on


1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-569
Author(s):  
W. M. Blaney

1. Behavioural studies show that larvae of Locusta migratoria (L.) can discriminate between certain simple chemicals and between chemicals obtained from plant sources. 2. Electrophysiological tests show that within each sensillum the same neurones respond to different chemicals. 3. The frequency of occurrence of sensilla with enhanced specificity to certain chemicals is investigated. 4. Statistical tests confirm that, despite the variability of response, across-fibre analysis could allow discrimination between chemicals provided an adequate number of senilla are used. 5. The conclusions are discussed in relation to current theories of chemoreceptor functioning.


1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-293
Author(s):  
W. M. BLANEY

1. Three morphologically and functionally different types of sensilla on the maxillary palp tips of Locusta migratoria are distinguished and an electrophysiological study is made of the most commonly occurring type. 2. Responses to stimulation with 0.1 M sodium chloride show impulses of one, two or three amplitude categories in different sensilla. 3. Variability of response to a constant stimulus is appreciable, both between and within sensilla. 4. Tests with a range of compounds indicate that individual neurones are capable of responses to compounds of different chemical classes. 5. Specificity of sensilla is more marked than specificity of neurones. 6. Methods of interpretation of results are evaluated and the results are discussed in the context of discrimination of food plant materials.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1243-1252
Author(s):  
Maximilian Hausmann ◽  
Peter Welzbacher ◽  
Eckhard Kirchner

AbstractSensor integration as close to the process as possible provides advantages in the quality of the measurement results as well as the possibility to implement completely new sensor principles and to measure novel quantities of interest. Sensor integration at positions close to the process can be made possible, for example, through the development and application of Sensing Machine Elements (SME). In the first part of this contribution, a general sensor system model is proposed. It is based on the concept of measuring chains and allows the uniform description of functions and uncertainties within a conventional sensor or SME application. For this purpose, essential quantities are defined, which are required for a uniform understanding. In the second part, the presented sensor system model is applied to a load measuring strain gauge on a drive shaft. This enables the condition monitoring of the shaft and drive train by measuring the electrical resistance of the strain gauge and thus allowing conclusions about the acting drive torque. The individual functions and uncertainties of the strain gauge integration are presented in the system model. This example shows the applicability of the presented system model for sensors and SME.


1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Polsky

Depriving native hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus) continuously of water for 5 days significantly increased the likelihood of predation on nymphs of Locusta migratoria. Water-deprived subjects pouched the prey on more occasions, and they exhibited a significant decrease in latency to capture with repeated testing. These results have been replicated in other experiments conducted by the author. Additional research is needed to resolve the issue of the possible contaminating effects of food deprivation.


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