Electrophysiological Responses of the Terminal Sensilla on the Maxillary Palps Of Locusta Migratoria (L.) To Some Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-293
Author(s):  
W. M. BLANEY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Constant Stimulus ◽  
Maxillary Palp ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Maxillary Palps

1. Three morphologically and functionally different types of sensilla on the maxillary palp tips of Locusta migratoria are distinguished and an electrophysiological study is made of the most commonly occurring type. 2. Responses to stimulation with 0.1 M sodium chloride show impulses of one, two or three amplitude categories in different sensilla. 3. Variability of response to a constant stimulus is appreciable, both between and within sensilla. 4. Tests with a range of compounds indicate that individual neurones are capable of responses to compounds of different chemical classes. 5. Specificity of sensilla is more marked than specificity of neurones. 6. Methods of interpretation of results are evaluated and the results are discussed in the context of discrimination of food plant materials.

The Control of Changes in Peripheral Sensilla Associated with Feeding in Locusta Migratoria (L.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
E. A. BERNAYS ◽  
R. F. CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Diuretic Hormone ◽  
Stretch Receptors ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Maxillary Palps ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The electrical resistance across the tips of the maxillary palps is not affected by stimulation of the palps, but increases to the normal level found after feeding as a result of distension of the foregut with agar or injection of corpus cardiacum homogenates into the haemolymph. 2. No increase in resistance occurs if the posterior pharyngeal nerves or the frontal connectives are cut. 3. It is inferred that distension of the foregut stimulates stretch receptors which, acting via the posterior pharyngeal nerves, the frontal connectives and the brain, cause the release of hormone from the storage lobes of the corpora cardiaca. This hormone acts on the terminal sensilla of the palps, causing them to close and so increasing the resistance across the palps. 4. Release of the diuretic hormone is controlled via the same pathway.

scholarly journals Produktivitas Rumput Hamil (Panicum maximum cv Hamil) yang Ditanam Menggunakan Benih Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fanindi ◽  
Endang Sutedi ◽  
Harmini Harmini
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Generative Phase

Reproductive traits determine the selection method in plant breeding. The benggala grass of the Hamil cultivar was thought to be apomictic; thus, a study was conducted to determine its reproduction. The research began by studying the morphological characters, continued with observing the generative phase and seed production of the cultivar planted from seeds (generative) and from pols (vegetative). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Research Institute of Animal Production. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with ten replications, and the treatments were different types of plant materials: seeds and pols. The Hamil cultivar taken from RIAP Collection was planted in pots with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 30 cm. The results showed that most of the morphological characters of the Hamil cultivar planted from seeds and from pols were not different (P >0.05), so it was presumed that they were apomictic. The difference in morphology was only in the length and width of the flag leaves and the length of the internodes, where the cultivars planted using seeds were higher. The production of seeds, pithy seed weight, and seed germination of cultivars planted using seeds were higher (P <0.05). Further research is needed to determine the apomixis properties based on cytologically Hamil cultivars.   Keywords: apomixis, benggala grass, morphology, plnting material; seed

Zinc nutrition and salt preference in rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. R233-R239 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jakinovich ◽  
D. W. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorder ◽  
Receptor Sensitivity ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Zinc Nutrition ◽  
System Disorder

Zinc-deficient rats have an increased preference for sodium chloride (saltwater). We investigated the possibility that this elevated saltwater preference is due to nonfunctional taste receptors. In experiment I, zinc-deficient rats consumed more saltwater than zinc-sufficient rats at most sodium chloride concentrations tested (0.001-1.0 M). When the zinc-deficient rats were fed a zinc-sufficient diet, the clinical symptoms of zinc deficiency rapidly disappeared. However, the rats still preferred saltwater to a greater extent than rats maintained on the zinc-sufficient diet. In experiment II, rats fed diets supplemented with levels of zinc below the requirement for maximum growth had an increased preference for saltwater (0.15 M NaCl). In experiment III, electrophysiological responses of the taste nerves to various concentrations of sodium chloride, sucrose, quinine . HCl, and hydrochloric acid were the same in both zinc-deficient and zinc-sufficient rats. We conclude that the taste receptor sensitivity of the rat is not impaired by zinc deficiency. The increased salt preference of zinc-deficient rats might be related to some endocrine or central nervous system disorder precipitated by inadequate dietary zinc.

Experimental Investigation of Convective Cells Generated by Side Walls in Solar Ponds Using Various Salts

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Jubran ◽  
J. A. Iweida ◽  
N. M. Haimour
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Heated Wall ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Convective Cells

This paper reports an experimental investigation to study the effect of various parameters that might affect the generation of convective cells in solar ponds with sloping walls. The parameters studied include the variation of the angles of the walls, types of salt used, and the surface roughness of the sloping wall. Four angles were used: 90, 60, 45 and 30, as well as four different types of salts: sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium Sulphate, and carnalite. It was found that increasing the sloping angle of the heated wall of the pond tends to decrease the activity of the convective cells. Furthermore, the growth rate of the convective cells is very much dependent on the type of salt. The results indicate that carnalite and ammonium sulphate tend to have low growth rates of convective cells compared with sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Finally, the surface roughness of the heated wall tends to reduce the activity of the convective cells.

scholarly journals Speaking Style Influences the Brain's Electrophysiological Response to Grammatical Errors in Speech Comprehension

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1132-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte C. Viebahn ◽  
Mirjam Ernestus ◽  
James M. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Electrophysiological Response ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Casual Speech ◽  
Speaking Style

This electrophysiological study asked whether the brain processes grammatical gender violations in casual speech differently than in careful speech. Native speakers of Dutch were presented with utterances that contained adjective–noun pairs in which the adjective was either correctly inflected with a word-final schwa (e.g., een spannende roman, “a suspenseful novel”) or incorrectly uninflected without that schwa ( een spannend roman). Consistent with previous findings, the uninflected adjectives elicited an electrical brain response sensitive to syntactic violations when the talker was speaking in a careful manner. When the talker was speaking in a casual manner, this response was absent. A control condition showed electrophysiological responses for carefully as well as casually produced utterances with semantic anomalies, showing that listeners were able to understand the content of both types of utterance. The results suggest that listeners take information about the speaking style of a talker into account when processing the acoustic–phonetic information provided by the speech signal. Absent schwas in casual speech are effectively not grammatical gender violations. These changes in syntactic processing are evidence of contextually driven neural flexibility.

Effect of some botanicals and table salt against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on stored field pea (Pisum sativum L.) grain

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Zekarias ◽  
Adugna Haile
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Zabrotes Subfasciatus ◽  
Grain Damage

Abstract Storage pests cause considerable damage to stored grains in Eritrea. A study on storage pest control was conducted at room temperature (25 °C) and 57% relative humidity, to evaluate the efficacy of botanicals and sodium chloride (table salt) against Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman on field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. The treatments used were: neem (Azadirachta indica), red pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil, datura (Datura stramonium L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill), table salt (sodium chloride) and a control without pesticide. Data collected were weight loss, damage percent and germination percent of field pea grain, and also adult mortality of Z. subfasciatus. Rates of application for all the treatments were 3% w/w and an untreated control. Results of the study showed that E. globulus leaf powder caused 88.89% mortality of Z. subfasciatus and sesame oil caused 100% mortality, three days after treatment. The other treatments were less effective in causing mortality of the insect. After five months of storage, the lowest weight loss was observed in grain treated with sesame oil (1.81%) and neem (4.02%) compared with the control that had 16.68% loss. Grain weight loss was 7.45% for treatment with table salt, 8.11% for eucalyptus, 9.62% for red pepper and 15.29% for datura. Grain damage and weight loss increased as storage time increased. Moreover, these plant materials and table salt had no effect on the germination capacity of field pea. In general, the results obtained indicate that these plant materials and table salt can be used for the control of Z. subfasciatus.

scholarly journals Revalidation and redescription of Bungona illiesi (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty) (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Australia, based on mitochondrial and morphological evidence

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2481 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. WEBB ◽  
P. J. SUTER
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Maxillary Palp ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Maxillary Palps

Bungona illiesi (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty) n.comb. was described from a single specimen collected in northern Queensland, Australia, as a species of Cloeodes Traver. The distinguishing characteristics of a minute maxillary palp, the absence of spination on the mandibles between the mola and prostheca, narrow-elongate gills, and medially expanded labial palps were later found to occur in Bungona narilla Harker, and the two species were synonymized. Extensive collecting in northern Queensland yielded larvae and adults of Bungona that differ from B. narilla in all life stages. We believe our specimens are equivalent to B. illiesi because they were collected only a few kilometres from the type locality, at least one specimen had both minute and normally sized maxillary palps, nearly all specimens had medially expanded labial palps, and the dorsal abdominal colour pattern was similar. Sequences of a 657-bp fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I supported the recognition of two species and confirmed the association of larvae and adults of B. illiesi. Interspecific p-distances ranged from 18.8–19.4% and the maximum intraspecific divergence observed was 1.7%. Based on the combination of morphological, mitochondrial, and biogeographical data, we show B. illiesi should be recognised as a valid species distinct from B. narilla. Larvae of B. illiesi differ from those of B. narilla by having fewer robust setae on the femora and a small lateral tooth on the outer incisor of both mandibles. Male and female adults differ from those of B. narilla by having less extensive red colouration on the abdominal terga.

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