An Electromyographic Study of the Adductor Mandibulae Complex of a Free-Swimming Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) During Feeding

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. BALLINTIJN ◽  
A. VAN DEN BURG ◽  
B. P. EGBERINK
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The anatomy of the upper and lower jaws of the carp, together with the associated maxillaris and mandibularis muscles of the adductor mandibulae complex, is described. 2. From the electromyograms of the adductor mandibulae muscles, recorded simultaneously with a 16 mm film of the mouth movements in a free-swimming carp, the muscle coordination of the diverse mouth movements during feeding has been studied. 3. The interpretation of the results has been verified by electrical stimulation of the muscles, in different combinations, in a fish in which spontaneous movements were abolished by heavy anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Effects of vagal sensory input on the breathing rhythm of the carp

1991 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
P.J. F. DE GRAAF ◽  
B. L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Breathing Cycle ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of an epibranchial vagal ganglion, which innervates the gill region, had a marked influence on the respiratory rhythm of the carp Cyprinus carpio. Vagal input could initiate ventilation in fish displaying intermittent respiration. In fish breathing steadily, vagal stimuli could reset the respiratory rhythm by modifying the existing breathing cycle. An increase of stimulus intensity evoked a cough-like movement, thus delaying the onset of following cycles. Rhythmic stimulation, at intervals not more than 10° longer or shorter than the breathing cycle period, could entrain the respiratory rhythm in a one-toone ratio. Larger differences between the stimulation interval and the period of the breathing cycle resulted in either a cyclic modification of the respiratory cycle period or entrainment patterns with coupling ratios of 2:1 or 2:3. Coughing decreased in frequency or even stopped during rhythmic vagal stimulation.

scholarly journals Muscle Co-Ordination of the Respiratory Pump of the Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-591
Author(s):  
C. M. BALLINTIJN
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Lateral Expansion ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Opercular Bone ◽  
Normal Respiration ◽  
Respiratory Movements

1. An analysis has been made of the pattern of activity of the muscles of the head of the carp, in relation to respiratory movements and pressures generated in the buccal and opercular cavity, during normal respiration and during coughing. 2. From comparison with the results of analyses carried out on other species of fish it is suggested that the respiratory movements of free-swimming teleosts in general conform to the following principles: the lateral expansions and contractions of the buccal and opercular cavities are always synchronous, but the lowering of the floor of the mouth may be synchronous with, or may precede, the lateral expansion. 3. In the carp the levator operculi muscle, although it inserts on the opercular bone, does not participate in the opercular pump but is the abductor of the lower jaw.

Patterns of Nitrogen Excretion and Oxygen Consumption During Ontogenesis of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1095-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadasivam J. Kaushik ◽  
Konrad Dabrowski ◽  
Pierre Luquet
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

By monitoring nitrogen (ammonia and urea) excretion and oxygen consumption in a continuous manner during early development (from 18 to 350 degree days) of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, we noted high rates of ammonia-N excretion (> 100 and > 50 μgN∙h−1∙103 eggs−1) and of oxygen consumption (> 1 and > 2.5 mg∙h−1∙103 eggs−1) at hatching and at the onset of free-swimming stages, respectively. There was a diurnal rhythm in metabolic activity. The relative proportions of urea-N and ammonia-N varied during early development; the mean urea-N excretion rate amounted to 21.9 ± 8.7% of total nitrogen, and there was no significant difference between embryonic and postembryonic stages. Fasted free-swimming larvae exhibited increased metabolic activity just before the onset of massive mortality (> 75 μg N∙h−1∙103 eggs−1 and > 2 mg O2∙h−1∙103 eggs−1 of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption, respectively). Ammonia excretion rates increased with temperature, the Q10's being 2.36, 2.33, and 3.53 during embryonic, hatching, and free-swimming stages, respectively.Key words: carp, ontogenesis, nitrogen excretion, ammonia, urea, oxygen consumption, temperature, diurnal rhythm

Optimization and kinetics of in vitro stimulation of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leukocytes

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.W. Liewes ◽  
R.H. Van Dam ◽  
M.G. Vos-Maas ◽  
R. Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Stimulation Of

Observations on a possible pheromonal stimulation of milt production in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Aquaculture ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Billard ◽  
K. Bieniarz ◽  
W. Popek ◽  
P. Epler ◽  
A. Saad
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stimulation Of
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document