A Simple Electrolytic Respirometer for the Continuous Recording of Oxygen Consumption Under Constant and Natural Conditions

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
ANN M. CHASE ◽  
D. M. UNWIN ◽  
R. H. J. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Continuous Recording ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

1. The principles involved in the design of an electrolytic respirometer are set out. 2. A respirometer is described for air-breathing animals which allows the continuous recording over long periods (up to two weeks) of oxygen consumption at rates of the order of 10-100 µl. per hour. 3. Provision is made for maintaining the temperature, pressure, and carbon dioxide and oxygen levels constant and at atmospheric values. 4. A new design of recorder displays the results directly as rate of oxygen consumption. 5. The features of the apparatus are discussed with reference to specific requirements.

Air-breathing during activity in the fishes amia calva and lepisosteus oculatus

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Farmer ◽  
D C Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Spotted Gar ◽  
Water Oxygen ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Amia Calva ◽  
Lepisosteus Oculatus ◽  
Air Hole

Many osteichthyan fishes obtain oxygen from both air, using a lung, and water, using gills. Although it is commonly thought that fishes air-breathe to survive hypoxic aquatic habitats, other reasons may be more important in many species. This study was undertaken to determine the significance of air-breathing in two fish species while exercising in oxygen-rich water. Oxygen consumption from air and water was measured during mild activity in bowfin (Amia calva) and spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) by sealing a fish in an acrylic flume that contained an air-hole. At 19-23 degreesC, the rate of oxygen consumption from air in both species was modest at rest. During low-level exercise, more than 50 % of the oxygen consumed by both species was from the air (53.0+/-22.9 % L. oculatus; 66.4+/-8.3 % A. calva). <P>

ERRATUM

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-223
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Continuous Recording ◽  
Natural Conditions

CHASE, A. M., UNWIN, D. M. & BROWN, R. H. J. (1968). A simple electrolytic respirometer for the continuous recording of oxygen consumption under constant and natural conditions. J. Exp. Biol. 48, 207-215. Page 210. Figures 2 and 3. For Scale: 1 in read Scale: ¼ in.

The Measurement of the Oxygen Consumption of Daphnia by a Modification of the Cartesian Diver Technique

1948 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
R. J. O'CONNOR
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Total Capacity

1. The Cartesian diver microrespirometer has been adapted to the measurement of the oxygen consumption of Daphnia. The modification involves an increase in size of the diver to a total capacity of over 100 µ1., and absorption of carbon dioxide by sodium hydroxide in a central cup incorporated in the structure of the diver. 2. The variation in the rate of oxygen consumption of normal Daphnia has been measured. 3. Sources of error in the modified technique have been investigated and the possibility of its wider use discussed.

Active Respiration of Fish in Relation to Ambient Concentrations of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyendra Prasanna Basu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Electric Stimulus ◽  
Ameiurus Nebulosus ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
Lethal Limit ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ambient Concentrations

The oxygen consumption at a steady rate of activity maintained by a mild electric stimulus was measured for Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), Catostomus commersoni (Lacepede), Ameiurus nebulosus LeSueur, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) and Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) in the presence of various combinations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. At a given level of oxygen the logarithm of the rate of oxygen consumption decreases linearly with the concentration of carbon dioxide. The linear relation so found is characteristic of a given species and the sensitivity to carbon dioxide decreases with increasing acclimation temperature. The oxygen concentration determines the level of active oxygen consumption in the absence of carbon dioxide and when the concentration approaches the lower lethal limit the effect of the addition of carbon dioxide is enhanced. The data found for these species for active metabolism was combined with data in the literature for resting metabolism to give estimates of the metabolism available for activity. The respiratory sensitivities of the four species were further compared by considering the estimated combinations of oxygen and carbon dioxide required to bring about asphyxiation in both flowing water and sealed containers. The ability of the blood of the fish to take up oxygen in the presence of carbon dioxide shows no direct relation to the ability of the fish to transport oxygen to the external medium under similar circumstances.

RESPIRATION OF FISHES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON STANDARD OXYGEN CONSUMPTION: IV. INFLUENCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Different Levels

Oxygen consumption was determined in relation to spontaneous activity and standard metabolism estimated by extrapolating the values to zero activity, Standard oxygen consumption was determined in relation to different partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen for brook trout. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), at 10 °C, and carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, at 25 °C. In general, at each partial pressure of oxygen applied, standard oxygen consumption did not change significantly over the range of partial pressures of carbon dioxide followed. The relation for brook trout operated on a level characteristic of the partial pressure of oxygen. Although the effect of different levels of oxygen was not established for carp at 25 °C, it is presumed that the relation operated also in that species in a similar way.Acclimation to the different levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen to be tested was examined and, ordinarily, found not to change significantly the standard rate of oxygen consumption.

scholarly journals THE RESPIRATION OF LUMINOUS BACTERIA AND THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN TENSION UPON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION

1929 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Shoup
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Catalytic Surfaces ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Luminous Bacteria ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

1. The respiration of luminous bacteria has been studied by colorimetric and manometric methods. 2. Limulus oxyhaemocyanin has been used as a colorimetric indicator of oxygen consumption and indicator dyes were used for colorimetric determination of carbon dioxide production. 3. The Thunberg-Winterstein microrespirometer has been used for the measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption by luminous bacteria at different partial pressures of oxygen. 4. The effect of oxygen concentration upon oxygen consumption has been followed from equilibrium with air to low pressures of oxygen. 5. Luminous bacteria consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide independent of oxygen pressures from equilibrium with air (152 mm.) to approximately 22.80 mm. oxygen or 0.03 atmosphere. 6. Dimming of a suspension of luminous bacteria occurs when oxygen tension is lowered to approximately 2 mm. Hg (0.0026 atmosphere) and when the rate of respiration becomes diminished one-half. 7. Pure nitrogen stops respiratory activity and pure oxygen irreversibly inhibits oxygen consumption. 8. The curve for rate of oxygen consumption with oxygen concentration is similar to curves for adsorption of gasses at catalytic surfaces, and agrees with the Langmuir equation for the expression of the amount of gas adsorbed in unimolecular layer at catalytic surfaces with gas pressure. 9. A constant and maximum rate of oxygen consumption occurs in small cells when oxygen concentration becomes sufficient to entirely saturate the surface of the oxidative catalyst of the cell.

Respiration of a low oxygen tolerant galatheid crab, Munida quadrispina (Benedict, 1902)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2538-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Burd
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Saanich Inlet ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Critical Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Size Gradient

A recent study on Munida quadrispina in the cliff community of Saanich Inlet, an intermittently anoxic fjord, showed that these crabs have a size distribution corresponding to the vertical oxygen gradient. This study tested the hypothesis that the size gradient was caused by a size-dependent respiratory tolerance. The factor used for comparison was Pc (critical oxygen concentration below which the rate of oxygen consumption declines). Size specific Pc was compared with habitat oxygen levels at which different sized animals were captured in Saanich Inlet. Regulated oxygen consumption and Pc decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with increasing wet weight of crabs. Pc decreased significantly (p < 0.01) as carapace length increased. The slope and elevation of the latter relationship were not significantly different (p < 0.01, ANCOVA) from the slope and elevation of the relationship of carapace length versus habitat oxygen. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that the vertical size gradient in Saanich Inlet is related to a size-specific Pc. The minimum Pc observed (0.14 mL oxygen/L) corresponded with the lowest oxygen levels at which crabs were found in Saanich Inlet (0.1–0.15 mL oxygen/L).

scholarly journals Functional conflicts between feeding and gas exchange in suspension-feeding tadpoles, Xenopus laevis

1984 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Feder ◽  
D. B. Seale ◽  
M. E. Boraas ◽  
R. J. Wassersug ◽  
A. G. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Aerial Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Requirement ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Hypoxic Water

Air-breathing tadpoles of Xenopus laevis (Amphibia: Anura) use buccopharyngeal surfaces for both gas exchange and capture of food particles in the water. In dense food suspensions, tadpoles decrease ventilation of the buccopharynx and increase air breathing. The lung ventilatory frequency is elevated even though the rate of oxygen consumption is at or below resting levels, suggesting that the lung hyperventilation reflects compensation for decreased buccopharyngeal respiration rather than an increased metabolic requirement. If tadpoles in hypoxic water are prevented from breathing air, they increase buccopharyngeal respiration at the expense of feeding. Aerial respiration evidently permits the buccopharyngeal surfaces to be used primarily for food entrapment.

scholarly journals Rapid magnetic resonance measurement of global cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption in humans during rest and hypercapnia

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1504-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Jain ◽  
Michael C Langham ◽  
Thomas F Floyd ◽  
Gaurav Jain ◽  
Jeremy F Magland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Cerebral Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
End Tidal

The effect of hypercapnia on cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption ( CMRO2) has been a subject of intensive investigation and debate. Most applications of hypercapnia are based on the assumption that a mild increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide has negligible effect on cerebral metabolism. In this study, we sought to further investigate the vascular and metabolic effects of hypercapnia by simultaneously measuring global venous oxygen saturation ( Sv O2) and total cerebral blood flow ( tCBF), with a temporal resolution of 30 seconds using magnetic resonance susceptometry and phase-contrast techniques in 10 healthy awake adults. While significant increases in Sv O2 and tCBF were observed during hypercapnia ( P < 0.005), no change in CMRO2 was noted ( P > 0.05). Additionally, fractional changes in tCBF and end-tidal carbon dioxide ( R2 = 0.72, P < 0.005), as well as baseline Sv O2 and tCBF ( R2 = 0.72, P < 0.005), were found to be correlated. The data also suggested a correlation between cerebral vascular reactivity ( CVR) and baseline tCBF ( R2 = 0.44, P = 0.052). A CVR value of 6.1% ± 1.6%/mm Hg was determined using a linear-fit model. Additionally, an average undershoot of 6.7% ± 4% and 17.1% ± 7% was observed in Sv O2 and tCBF upon recovery from hypercapnia in six subjects.

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