Regulation of Transpiration in the Clover Mite Bryobia Praetiosa Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269
Author(s):  
PAUL W. WINSTON ◽  
V. EUGENE NELSON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Total Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face ◽  
Humidity Range

1. Groups of sixteen mites were starved for 48 hr. at 29% R.H. and then exposed for 18 or 24 hr. to one of nine humidities, from 0% to 93% R.H. They were weighed as groups before and after the treatments to determine total weight loss. Dry weights were also obtained to find water content and for the calculation of water and dry-weight losses. All work was done at 25° C. 2. Water loss, considered equivalent to total weight loss, was also obtained under several other conditions; and at all humidities it was found to be highest in mites killed in chloroform vapour while it was considerably less in those killed in HCN gas. Mites with spiracles kept open by air with 10% CO2 lost weight at rates midway between those for dead and those for living animals. 3. There is apparent regulation of body-water content as a percentage of the final weight over the whole humidity range. 4. Water loss is restricted by a CO2-sensitive mechanism, presumably the spiracles. 5. Active regulation of water loss by a cuticular mechanim was shown between 53% and 85% R.H., while at humidities below this, loss was actively restricted but not regulated. 6. It is postulated that both restriction and regulation are brought about by the same mechanism, which might be a form of active transport. 7. Uptake of water from unsaturated air was not found with any of the methods used. 8. Regulation such as was found here would help to maintain the internal environment of these mites as nearly constant as possible in the face of fluctuating humidities.

scholarly journals Eficiency of the Blanching and Electronic Color Sorting Process for Reducing Aflatoxin in Raw Shelled Peanuts1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Total Weight Loss ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Aflatoxin Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sorting Process

Abstract Raw shelled peanut lots produced in the United States are inspected for aflatoxin using a sampling plan designed by the Peanut Administrative Committee (PAC). The aflatoxin concentration of most peanut lots rejected by the PAC sampling plan is reduced by using a blanching process that removes the testa or seed coat from the seed and then removing damaged or discolored seeds from the lot using electronic color sorters. Comparing aflatoxin sample results on lots before and after the blanching process indicates that the two-step process is effective for reducing aflatoxin in contaminated lots. The average aflatoxin reduction among the 8911 lots blanched and color sorted over 5 crop yr (1990 to 1994) was 89.9%. The blanching process was equally efficient in reducing aflatoxin for all peanut market types and grades represented in the data base. The average total weight loss among all 8911 lots blanched over the 5 crop yr was 16.8%. Both the percentage aflatoxin reduction and the percentage total weight loss that resulted from blanching was related to the amount of aflatoxin in unblanched lots. As the aflatoxin concentration among unblanched lots decreased, the percentage aflatoxin reduction and the percentage total weight loss associated with the blanching process both decreased.

Abstract 23: Body Fluid And Sodium Loss Leads To Aldosterone Hypersecretion And Muscle Catabolism In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rats.

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kidoguchi ◽  
Kento Kitada ◽  
Daisuke Nakano ◽  
Takashi Yokoo ◽  
Akira Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Hepatocellular Cancer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Muscle Catabolism

Background: The number of cancer survivors coincides with cardiovascular diseases is increasing, therefore, we are promoting the concept of “Onco-Hypertension” to clarify the mechanism linking cancer and blood pressure. In this study, we evaluated body osmolyte and water imbalance in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) model rats. Methods: Wistar rats were administered diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (1.5 μg/day, p.o.), a carcinogenic drug, for 8 weeks to establish liver cancer. Three weeks after the completion of DEN administration, we investigated blood pressure, tissue osmolyte and water content, and its association with aldosterone secretion. Results: HCC rats significantly reduced blood pressure, skin sodium, potassium, and water content. In the carcass (muscle + bone), dry weight, sodium, potassium, and water content were dramatically reduced without changing bone mass in HCC rats, suggesting that HCC causes muscle wasting to supply osmolyte and water for the dehydrated organs. These osmolytes and water loss were significantly associated with increased urinary aldosterone excretion. Supplementation of 0.25% salt water to drink improved body sodium and water loss and muscle wasting in HCC rats, which were completely suppressed by treatment with spironolactone (75 mg/kg/day, p.o.), a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HCC causes body osmolyte and water loss, which leads to aldosterone hypersecretion and muscle catabolism to compensate for dehydration. A relatively small amount of salt supplement ameliorates the HCC-induced dehydration and muscle wasting via aldosterone/MR-mediated sodium and water restoration.

Low serum insulin-like growth factor-1 level is a predictor of low total weight loss percentage after sleeve gastrectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1978-1987
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ohira ◽  
Yasuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Takashi Yamaguchi ◽  
Atsuhito Saiki ◽  
Takashi Oshiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Total Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Weight Loss Percentage ◽  
Low Serum

Water content, weight change, and activity of apterous and alate virginoparous Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. MacKay ◽  
R. G. H. Downer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Final Moult ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Changes in weight, water content, and activity of alate and apterous virginoparous Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) were observed during development from third instar larvae to mature adults. Apterous aphids gained weight steadily until the 4th day of adulthood, and showed no dramatic changes in activity during this period. The live weights of alate aphids decreased during the 24 h immediately following the final moult, but increased gradually after this lime. The onset of weight loss occurred before the active nonfeeding period during which dispersal would normally lake place. Recommencement of weight gain followed the resumption of feeding. After the adult moult, the water content of alatae expressed as a percentage of live weight decreased for 24 h. whereas that of apterae remained constant. During the next 24 h, the water content of alatae increased to a level slightly below that of apterae. Thereafter, both morphs maintained a constant water content until about the 5th day, when a slight increase was evident. Eighty-five percent of the weight loss of adult alatae is attributable to water loss. It is suggested that dehydration of newly moulted adult alatae is an adaptation to facilitate dispersive flight.

A new method for evaluating decay: the effect of oxygen on Polyporuscompactus in red oak

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Hall ◽  
Curt Leben
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Soil Block ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

The effects of oxygen decay (weight loss) incited by Polyporuscompactus Overh. was studied using small fresh and dried wood blocks containing both sapwood and heartwood of similar radial position and age. A manifold was used to deliver hydrated gas mixtures of 1.0, 4.2, or 21% (ambient air) oxygen at constant pressure and continuous flow to jars containing inoculated or noninoculated blocks. Means (P = 0.05) for dry weight losses in inoculated blocks at 1.0, 4.2, and 21% oxygen were 3.3, 8.9, and 21.4%, respectively; losses may be comparable to decay by other white rot fungi using the soil-block procedure. Losses in noninoculated blocks at the above oxygen levels were 2.0, 4.6, and 7.0%, respectively. Differences in dry weight losses between fresh and dry blocks were found. In particular, losses in inoculated fresh blocks were significantly less than losses in inoculated dry blocks in ambient air. Native inhabitants occurring in fresh wood appear to interfere with the decay processes of P. compactus. Losses in noninoculated fresh blocks were significantly greater than in noninoculated dry blocks at 21% oxygen but not at 1.0 or 4.2% oxygen; losses were attributed to natural inhabitants in fresh wood.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN SWEETPOTATOES

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 497c-497
Author(s):  
Lavetta L. Newell ◽  
James O. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Loss Method

In two experiments, 16 sweetpotato genotypes (Ipomoea batatas L.) were evaluated for drought tolerance using the detached-leaf water loss method. Dry weight loss was also determined. Difference in the rate of leaf water loss over a 48 hour period were found. `Vardaman' had the greatest amount of dry weight loss and the least amount of water loss. No relationship between dry weight loss and water loss was found. When measuring chlorophyll fluorescence using two sweetpotato genotypes, `Vardaman' had a higher rate of photosynthetic transport activity.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF SHODHANA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAMANYA SHODHANA OF TAMRA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Archana Sahu ◽  
Mridu Sanjana Kujur ◽  
Lalchand Sahu ◽  
Rakesh Singh Thakur ◽  
Saroj Parhate
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Total Weight Loss ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Removal Of Impurities

Rasa Shastra is a branch of Ayurveda, which deals with the uses of drugs originated mainly from metals and minerals substances like Tamra Bhasma. Raw Tamra may contain impurities, heterogeneous and unwanted qualities. Aim of Shodhana is to make it purified and make it free from toxicity and suitable for the body. In this study Shodhana of Tamra was performed by classical method mentioned in Rasa Ratna Samucchya. In this process for Samanya Shodhana of Tamra. It was heated and after red hot it was quenched for 7 times in Tila Taila, Takra, Gomutra, Kanji and Kulattha kwatha in order. Total weight loss of Tamra after Samanya Shodhana was 13.33%, which shows removal of impurities. Literally, Shodhana is a procedure of elimination of Doshas in a drug. After Shodhana Loss on weight of Tamra, pH and colour changes of all liquid media were observed.

A Modeling Analysis of Non-Melting Solid Fuel Particle Heating

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Rostami ◽  
Susan E. Wrenn ◽  
Mohammad R. Hajaligol
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Fuel Particle ◽  
Total Weight Loss ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Particle Heating ◽  
Internal Convection

The heating of fuel particles is generally the first step in the process of gasification or combustion of solid fuels such as coal and biomass. The particle heating that is achieved via combined convection and radiation effects requires a rigorous analysis of heat transfer within as well as outside of the particle, which makes the lumped capacity approximation unsuitable. A more adequate representation of the heating-up process requires the inclusion of the internal convection within the solid particle, the blowing effects on the particle surface, the spatial and temporal variations of the solid thermal conductivity as well as the heat of pyrolysis reactions. The internal convection tends to equalize the temperature distribution within the solid, while the blowing effect contributes to the boundary layer thickening and eventually to a reduction in the convection heat transfer to the particle. To include the above-mentioned effects, a kinetic model for the total weight loss of the solid material was coupled with the heating model. A simple first-order reaction model for the total weight loss was utilized in this study. For materials with high moisture contents, the heat of pyrolysis reactions is an important factor in the heating rate and non-uniform heating of the solid particle. Thermal equilibrium between the solid and evolved gases was assumed within the particle and the equations for the conservation of mass and energy were solved numerically. Results show that surface blowing which is due to the devolatilization of the particle tends to reduce the convection heat transfer from the hot gases to the particle. Internal convection contributes to thermal uniformity in the particle. Heat of pyrolysis reactions plays an important role in the heating profile of the particle. It delays the temperature rise of the particle until most of the volatile materials is released.

Post-Operative Behaviors following Gastric Bypass Surgery and their Influence on Total Weight Loss

2006 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. A39
Author(s):  
A.L. Greenwald ◽  
M. Richards ◽  
M.M. Wrobleski ◽  
C.C. Roberts ◽  
C.R. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Total Weight Loss

scholarly journals MON-590 Presence of Diabetes Diminishes the Ultimate Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Luo ◽  
Abdel Wahab Jalal Eldin ◽  
Raad Haddad ◽  
Nahid Keshavarzi ◽  
Shokoufeh Khalatbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Excess Weight Loss ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Total Weight Loss ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss Outcomes

Abstract Background Obesity and diabetes as well as their related complications result in both individual and global health burdens. Among patients who present with both obesity and diabetes, bariatric surgery can lead to remission of both these diseases. However, the possible impact of diabetes on the magnitude of weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery has not been quantified. Methods To address this question, we extracted data from Michigan Bariatric Surgery Cohort (MI-BASiC) to see whether diabetes at baseline could be a predictor of weight loss outcomes. Consecutive patients 18 years of age or older undergoing gastric bypass (GB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) for obesity at the University of Michigan between January 2008 and November 2013 were included in our retrospective cohort. All patients had either body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2 or BMI 35 – 39.9 kg/m2 with comorbid condition. Firstly, we performed Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) analysis to compare the probability of achieving BMI under 30kg/m2 or achieving excess body weight loss (EBWL) 50% or more for patients with or without diabetes. We then further tested the effect of presence of diabetes for the BMI outcomes across time using Linear Mixed Model (LMM) analysis. Finally, we conducted a LMM analysis to determine if diabetes is a predictor of the future weight loss, percentage of total weight loss or percentage of excess weight loss over 5 years of follow up. Results Based on our criteria, 380 patients were included for GB [female 305 (80.3%), mean age 43.6±0.6 years, mean BMI 47.3±0.4kg/m2, diabetes 149 (39.2%), on insulin 45 (11.8%)] and 334 for SG [female 259 (77.5%), mean age 45.3±0.6 years, mean BMI 49.9±0.5kg/m2, diabetes 108 (32.3%), on insulin 29(8.7%)]. From GLMM analysis, the presence of diabetes at baseline did not impact the probability of achieving BMI under 30kg/m2 (p=0.0848), but substantially impacted the probability of achieving 50% or more EBWL (p=0.0021) with individuals without diabetes having a 1.6 (odds ratio 1.56, 95% CL [1.18-2.08]) times higher chance to achieve this threshold. We also showed that individuals with diabetes at baseline had a significant effect to modify BMI points lost, regardless of the surgery type (p=0.0178). The presence of diabetes at baseline diminished weight loss by 1.2 BMI points (95% CL [0.21- 2.20]) which is roughly 10 to 15% of the total BMI points to be lost. LMM analysis further confirmed that after adjusting the time, surgery type, age, gender and baseline weight, there was still a significant difference of absolute weight loss (p=0.0110), percentage of total weight loss (p=0.0089) and percentage of excess weight loss (p=0.0365) between individuals with diabetes versus individuals without diabetes. Conclusion In conclusion, our data demonstrate that diabetes diminishes the ultimate weight loss effect of bariatric surgery. Further research is needed to understand why this is the case.

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