scholarly journals The Effect of Weak Electrolyte Solutions on the Hatching Rate of the Eggs of Tricho-Strongylus Retortaeformis (Zeder) and its Interpretation in Terms of a Proposed Hatching Mechanism of Strongyloid Eggs

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-601
Author(s):  
P. A. G. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Ionic Solutions ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Egg Membrane ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Colligative Properties

1. The influence of solutions of NaCl on the hatching of eggs of Trichostrongylus retortaeformis is studied. It is shown that the effects are not the consequence of colligative properties, but are related to ionic phenomena. 0.05 N-NaCl slows down the rate of hatch without impairing the ultimate ‘hatchability’ of the eggs. Processes of development up to hatching are not slowed down. 2. The effect demonstrated in the case of NaCl is shown to be shared by eight other electrolytes, the depression in the rate of hatch being proportional to the mobility of the ions in solution. On the assumption that the effect of the ions is due to a penetration of the egg membrane(s) the rate of entry is shown to be controlled by the speed of the slower ion in any one salt. 3. The influence of NaCl on the permeability of hatching eggs to water is studied. It is shown that the rate of increase in permeability is slowed down sufficiently in NaCl to control the rate of hatch. The inference that water permeability is a necessary prerequisite for hatching is made, a further hypothetical process being invoked to account for the rate of hatch in the absence of NaCl, since it is not then controlled by changes in water permeability. 4. The probability that the net effect of ionic solutions on the eggs is one concerned with the rate of breakdown of the inner wax-like layer of the egg is strengthened by experiments demonstrating that the depressing influence of NaCl is antagonized by ‘Teepol’, though the comparable influence of other, non-emulsifying, compounds cannot be explained. 5. The role of water permeability in the hatching mechanism is investigated. 6. A hatching mechanism of strongyloid eggs is proposed which involves two processes, the first dependent upon the osmotic relationships of the unhatched larva to its environment, the second being some sort of chemical weakening of the outer shell. 7. It is suggested that the effect of ions on hatching rate assists the ‘embryonated egg’ to survive under natural conditions when the hatched first-stage larva might otherwise be destroyed by desiccation.

scholarly journals The Potential of Building Tourist Cities by Using Existing Resources in Uzbekistan with an Innovative Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madina M. Khashimova ◽  
Shakhzod F. Turakulov
Keyword(s):  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Training Area

This article reflects the construction of tourist cities using the resources available on the territory of Uzbekistan. The benefits of utilisation for the development of tourism infrastructure from geological cities that are not exploited, included in the available resources, have been analyzed. The high level of efficiency in the use of geological cities is based on the availability of economic infrastructure, which is recognized as the application of this infrastructure in the construction of tourist cities is low in costs. The article shows the specific natural anchors of three ecotouristic objects, the srategic plans for effective use of these anchors. Proposals on the expediency of the establishment of camps, bags, summer recreation zones are included in these facilities. The abundance of excursion facilities and attractions in the objects of ecotourism expressed their views on the possibility of opening remarkable travel destinations. And the steep slopes of the mountain are shown to be a special training area for training highly qualified climbers. Reflecting the peculiarities of the nature of the objects of the ecosystem, the role of these settlements with unique natural conditions in the development of tourism is established. The potential for the construction of such ecotouristic cities in the Republic of Uzbekistan is high, and the growth in the efficiency of the use of such potentials is reported to increase the number of tourists coming from foreign countries to Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Marketing analysis of the Villány wine region

2014 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Klára Törökné Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Wine Industry ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
The Future ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Wine Region

Hungarian wine is not in such a bad position as it is considered. We have outstanding specialists and the country’s natural conditions are also proper. In Hungary, there are wine production and wine consumption has a major traditions. The role of marketing in our wine industry is growing more and more, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. The development of tourism in wine-growing regions and advertising would considerably promote the popularity of Hungarian wine.

scholarly journals Nanocomposite coatings for hatching eggs and table eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 573-586
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Chekh ◽  
Olga Bordunova ◽  
Vadym Chivanov ◽  
Evgenia Yadgorova ◽  
Larisa Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Theoretical and applied aspects of the concept of using biomimetic protective coatings GREEN ARTICLE (ARTIficial cutiCLE) in the poultry industry, namely in the production of table and hatching eggs, are developed. The basic matrix component of the protective coatings GREEN ARTICLE is chitosan, an environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and harmless material. It is experimentally proved that electrochemical and ultrasonic technologies for modifying a solution of chitosan in peroxide compounds (peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide) with nanoparticles of oxides like titanium, iron, zinc, and metals, such as titanium, copper, and calcite, allow to create protective coatings of double action in accordance with the technologies: (a) extending the shelf life of table eggs, food green article (FGA) and (b) preventing contamination of hatching eggs with pathogenic microflora, increasing the hatchability of eggs, and the quality of chicken, hatching green article (HGA). In the technology of storing table eggs, artificial cuticles based on chitosan FGA are characterized by the following characteristics: increased thickness of 6–10 µm, low gas and moisture permeability, and high biocidal activity against pathogenic bacteria and viruses. It is shown that the use of FGA technology in the production of table eggs can extend the period of transportation and storage of products by 33–35 days at a temperature of 24°C and maintained a grade A (Haugh unit = 71–60) through the entire 35 days period. The technology HGA reduces the rate of contamination of hatching eggs with pathogenic microflora by 99.29–99.7%, while increasing the egg hatching rate by 2.3–11.6% compared to the control, depending on the cross of the poultry and the storage conditions of the hatching eggs. It is important that these technologies have a great prospect for application in countries that develop green technologies for the production of poultry products.

Effects of Acyl Chain Unsaturation on Activation Energy of Water Permeability across Droplet Bilayers of Homologous Monoglycerides: Role of Cholesterol

Langmuir ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2147-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lopez ◽  
Jacqueline Denver ◽  
Sue Ellen Evangelista ◽  
Alessandra Armetta ◽  
Gabriella Di Domizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Acyl Chain

THE ROLE OF THE SYSTEM OF PASTURE TERMS AND TOPONYMS OF SARYARKA IN DETERMINING LANDSCAPE FEATURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
A.Ye. Yeginbayeva ◽  
◽  
K.T. Saparov ◽  
Z.K. Myrzalieva ◽  
M.A. Aralbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Effective Use

In market conditions, one of the key issues of management is the effective use of available natural resources. In agricultural production, these are the problems of using land resources. An urgent task is the rational use of pasture resources according to the seasons of the year for the management of pasture cattle breeding. The article considers the reflection in geographical names of pasture names and terms used in traditional animal husbandry, which provide important information about the features of the landscape. In addition, the regularities of the use of natural conditions by the ethnic group that inhabited this territory, the spatial distribution of pasture terms characteristic ofa particular landscape are determined.

P–388 Endometrial extracellular vesicles from recurrent implantation failure patients inhibited embryonic growth and implantation via miR–6131/PAK2 pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Liu
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Implantation Failure ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Recurrent Implantation Failure ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Blastocyst Rate ◽  
Fertile Women

Abstract Study question Could endometrial extracellular vesicles from recurrent implantation failure patients (RIF-EVs) attenuate the growth and implantation potentials of embryos and what are the mechanisms? Summary answer: RIF-EVs inhibited embryonic growth and decreased the trophoblast functions via miR–6131/PAK2 pathway. What is known already Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is characterized by repeated embryo transfers without pregnancy. To date, the etiology of RIF remains poorly understood. Recent evidence indicated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by endometrial cells, played a crucial role in the implantation by regulating the development and implantation of embryos. Study design, size, duration Endometrial cells isolated from endometrial tissues of RIF patients (n = 25) and fertile women (n = 16) were cultured and modulated via hormones. Endometrial EVs from RIF patients (RIF-EVs) or fertile women (FER-EVs) were isolated from the conditioned medium. The influence of EVs on embryonic development and implantation was investigated by co-culture models of EVs and 2-cell murine embryos or HTR8/SVneo cells, respectively. High-through put sequencing was performed to identify the miRNA profile in the RIF-EVs. Participants/materials, setting, methods RIF-EVs and FER-EVs were characterized using western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. After co-culture with EVs, embryonic blastocyst rate and hatching rate were calculated. Besides, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EV-treated trophoblast cells were evaluated by CCK–8, wound healing, and transwell invasion assays. miRNA expression profiles were compared between RIF-EVs and FER-EVs, and the regulatory role of significantly upregulated miR–6131 in RIF-EVs was investigated in the trophoblast cells. Main results and the role of chance RIF-EVs and FER-EVs are round bilayer vesicles, ranging mainly at 100 nm and enriched in TSG101, Alix, and CD9. Both RIF-EVs and FER-EVs entered embryonic or trophoblast cytoplasm. The blastocyst rate in the RIF-EV groups was significantly decreased compared to that in the FER-EV groups, at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 μg/ml. The hatching rate was decreased significantly in embryos treated with 10 or 20 μg/ml RIF-EVs compared to those treated with FER-EVs at the same concentration (p < 0.05). The proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblasts were significantly decreased in the RIF-EV group at 20 μg/mL. A total of 11 differently expressed (fold change >2 and p < 0.05) miRNAs were found in the RIF-EVs, and two of them were validated in a larger set of EV samples using RT-PCR. The most significantly different miRNA, 6131, was increased in the RIF-EV-treated HTR8/SVneo cells. The up-regulation of miR–6131 inhibited the growth and invasion of HTR8/SVneo. Bioinformatics coupled with luciferase and western blot assays revealed that PAK2 is a direct target of miR–6131, and the overexpression of PAK2 can rescue the phenotype changes induced by miR–6131 overexpression. Limitations, reasons for caution Our study indicated miRNA in the RIF-EVs dysregulating the growth and function of embryonic cells. However, EVs contained a wide spectrum of bioactive molecules, including proteins, mRNAs, and DNA, which may play an important role in the implantation. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms. Wider implications of the findings: This work indicates an important role of EVs from women with RIF in embryonic implantation, potentially providing a novel insight to understand the pathophysiology of RIF. Trial registration number Not applicable

Aquaporin water channels and lung physiology

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. L867-L879 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Verkman ◽  
Michael A. Matthay ◽  
Yuanlin Song
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Airway Epithelia ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Osmotic Water

Fluid transport across epithelial and endothelial barriers occurs in the neonatal and adult lungs. Biophysical measurements in the intact lung and cell isolates have indicated that osmotic water permeability is exceptionally high across alveolar epithelia and endothelia and moderately high across airway epithelia. This review is focused on the role of membrane water-transporting proteins, the aquaporins (AQPs), in high lung water permeability and lung physiology. The lung expresses several AQPs: AQP1 in microvascular endothelia, AQP3 in large airways, AQP4 in large- and small-airway epithelia, and AQP5 in type I alveolar epithelial cells. Lung phenotype analysis of transgenic mice lacking each of these AQPs has been informative. Osmotically driven water permeability between the air space and capillary compartments is reduced ∼10-fold by deletion of AQP1 or AQP5 and reduced even more by deletion of AQP1 and AQP4 or AQP1 and AQP5 together. AQP1 deletion greatly reduces osmotically driven water transport across alveolar capillaries but has only a minor effect on hydrostatic lung filtration, which primarily involves paracellular water movement. However, despite the major role of AQPs in lung osmotic water permeabilities, AQP deletion has little or no effect on physiologically important lung functions, such as alveolar fluid clearance in adult and neonatal lung, and edema accumulation after lung injury. Although AQPs play a major role in renal and central nervous system physiology, the data to date on AQP knockout mice do not support an important role of high lung water permeabilities or AQPs in lung physiology. However, there remain unresolved questions about possible non-water-transporting roles of AQPs and about the role of AQPs in airway physiology, pleural fluid dynamics, and edema after lung infection.

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