Proteolytic Activity of the Midgut in Relation to Feeding in the Beetles Tenebrio Molitor L. and Dytiscus Marginalis L

1956 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
R. H. DADD
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Midgut Epithelium ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Accelerated Growth

1. In Tenebrio secretion of protease occurs spontaneously after moult and adult emergence, and in response to feeding in the active larva and mature adult. Damp cellulose powder or water are effective in increasing secretion in the adult. 2. Since little enzyme is accumulated in the epithelial tissue when the total midgut enzyme is greatly increased, it is inferred that synthesis and discharge are interdependent. When synthesis (as indicated by comparatively high tissue enzyme) is accelerated, growth of the midgut epithelium occurs. 3. In starved Dytiscus protease is accumulated in the midgut tissue. Within one hour of feeding it is largely discharged into the crop. Protease recurs in the midgut tissue in a few hours, but remains low so long as the crop contains undigested material. When the crop is empty, discharge ceases and enzyme is again accumulated in the epithelium. Thus the process of discharge appears to be independent of synthesis. 4. The secretory mechanisms of Tenebrio and Dytiscus are discussed in relation to their feeding habits.

A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR MASS-REARING THE ONION MAGGOT (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) ON AN ARTIFICIAL DIET

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1554-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Allen ◽  
W. L. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Wheat Embryo ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Yeast Hydrolysate

AbstractA gelatine-based diet for rearing the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meigen), that contains sucrose, evaporated milk, yeast hydrolysate, wheat embryo, cellulose powder, n-propyl disulfide, water, and antibiotics is described. Three consecutive generations reared on this medium were equal in puparial weights, percentages of pupation, adult emergence, and egg hatch, to those reared on onion bulbs. The procedure is simple and two man-hours per week is sufficient for producing 1000 maggots daily.

Avermectins: a review of their impact on insects of cattle dung

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Strong
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Delayed Reactions ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Actual Loss

AbstractAvermectins administered to cattle for control of parasitic infections by injection or slow-release bolus are excreted in the faeces and have a variety of harmful effects upon Diptera and Coleoptera that develop in cow-pats: these effects are reviewed. Diptera Cyclorrhapha are severely affected, the extent of the response depending on the drug concentration in the dung. At high levels, larvae are killed or paralysed while at lower levels their metamorphosis is inhibited. At very low levels, adult emergence is reduced and a significant number of imagines show morphological abnormalities. These responses are induced by concentrations of avermectins well below levels occurring in faeces after routine treatment. Diptera Nematocera are less sensitive than Cyclorrhapha but larval and pupal development are affected at higher dose levels. Larval dung beetles and some immature adults cannot survive in the pats of recently dosed livestock. Mature adult beetles are more resistant, but contact with treated dung leads to impaired reproduction. Dung eliminated up to 5 weeks after cattle have been treated with a single injection or up to 14 days after topical dosing shows harmful activity against dung insects, and ivermectin-containing pats retain much of their toxicity after several weeks exposure on pastureland. The impact on dung insects is more pronounced and of longer duration when ivermectin is delivered daily at 40 μg per kg cow by sustained-release bolus. Following topical or injection treatments, the rate of cow-pat degradation (measured by actual loss of biomass) is significantly delayed. When cattle are treated with a bolus delivering 40 mg ivermectin per kg cow per day, their dung remains intact on grassland for at least three months. The conclusions drawn from the various papers on these effects are compared and contrasted. In particular, attention is drawn to the general failure to recognize the importance of delayed reactions to non-lethal doses of avermectins, and to our lack of consideration of long-term consequences for cow-pat insects and the wider implications for ecology.

AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES OF CANADA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1227-1230
Author(s):  
David J. Lewis ◽  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Maritime Canada

AbstractTwenty species of black flies are now recorded from the Maritime Provinces of Canada. These include five species of Prosimulium, two species of Cnephia, and 13 species of Simulium. With the exception of S. vernum Meigen, all species have been previously recorded from maritime Canada. The known biology of these black flies is summarized and includes information on overwintering stages, larval and pupal habitats, adult emergence and feeding habits, and seasonal occurrence and abundance.

scholarly journals Contribution to the ecological management of the seed chalcid wasp Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol’skaya (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in pistachio orchards

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
D. Lykouressis ◽  
D. Perdikis ◽  
A. Biba
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ecological Management ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Chalcid Wasp

Aspects related to the management of the pistachio seed wasp Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikol’skaya (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), were investigated. E. plotnikovi has internal feeding habits. However, the external appearance of the fruits could be used to distinguish between infested and uninfested fruits, since fruits partly blackish or brownish and shriveled had higher infestation levels than those without any discolouration. The adult emergence from the fruits was completed within a short period of 12 days, from the middle until the end of May. This pest overwinters as larva inside the mummified fruits. The application of sanitation measures for the control of this pest was experimentally investigated. The results showed that no adults emerged from fruits that were buried in the soil but also from those that remained on the soil surface during winter. Thus, it seems that there is no need for burying them by tillage under the soil as it had been proposed. This result might be essential in the wider adoption of this method in the management of this pest.

Effects of a juvenile hormone analogue on the metamorphic changes of the foregut and midgut in Tenebrio molitor L. (Insecta, Coleoptera)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Tano ◽  
Jean François ◽  
Cécile Noirot-Timothée
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Midgut Epithelium ◽  
Hormone Analogue ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Analogue ◽  
Adult Form ◽  
Regenerative Cells

During normal Tenebrio metamorphosis, the smooth pupal foregut cuticle is replaced by a thicker adult cuticle with spines. The pupal midgut epithelium includes regenerative cells organized into nests that proliferate during pupal life, protruding as crypts into the general cavity. At high levels of treatment with juvenoid (Methoprène), some adult characteristics of the foregut cuticle were observed: the foregut cuticle apolysed soon after ecdysis, and the duration of cuticular secretion was shortened. Differentation of the pupal midgut into the adult form was either stopped or delayed by the juvenoid; the growth of the crypts was often inhibited in supernumerary pupae and in other cases could be observed 10 days later than in controls.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document