The Functions of the Corpus Allatum in Rhodnius Prolixus (Hemiptera)

1948 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
V. B. WIGGLESWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Corpus Allatum ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Two factors are involved in the control of metamorphosis in Rhodnius: (a) The corpus allatum of the 5th-stage nymph no longer secretes the juvenile hormone (inhibitory hormone). The latent imaginal characters can thus be realized. (b) The corpus allatum in the 5th-stage nymph, particularly in the later stages of moulting, actively favours the production of imaginal characters. The evidence suggests that this activity (b) consists, not in the secretion of a metamorphosis promoting hormone favouring adult differentiation in the tissues directly, but in the elimination of the small quantities of juvenile hormone persisting in the blood and tissues. If we suppose that these two factors differ in relative importance in different insects we may perhaps have the basis for a theory of metamorphosis applicable to all groups of insects. The corpus allatum of the mature adult Rhodnius again begins to secrete the juvenile hormone; and the juvenile hormone of the 4th-stage nymph will induce egg development in the adult female. It is probable that the yolk-forming hormone and the juvenile hormone are identical. The sequence in the secretory activities of the corpus allatum, and so the number of instars, is controlled by some other centre, perhaps in the central nervous system.

A comparison of some pharmacological effects of naloxone and N-methylnaloxone in mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ramabadran ◽  
C. Suaudeau ◽  
J. J. C. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injection ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Opioid Antagonists ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Derivatives Of

The effects of N-methylnaloxone following subcutaneous and intracerebroventricular administrations on nociception were investigated using the hot plate technique. Unlike naloxone, subcutaneous administration of N-methylnaloxone did not enhance the nociceptive reactions. In contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of N-methylnaloxone produced antinociception and tremor. Compared with naloxone, N-methylnaloxone was very weak in precipitating the signs of abstinence in mice rendered acutely dependent on morphine. Two factors, poor penetration into the central nervous system and steric hindrance, might render N-methylnaloxone very weak and hence both these factors must be taken into consideration while analyzing the effects following quaternary derivatives of opioid antagonists.

scholarly journals Research Progress on the Effect of Sphingosine Kinase 2 on Glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Chunpeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Shiwen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 2 ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) in the treatment of glioma, which is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system. Methods: A total of 82 patients were included in this study, with 27 cases in the control group and 55 cases in the glioma group; the expressions of SphK2 and gp130 in the two groups were compared by immunohistochemical method, and the correlation between the two factors was analyzed. Results: Both SphK2 and gp130 were upregulated in the glioma group, and the two factors were significantly correlated. Conclusion: The high expression of SphK2 may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and diagnosis of glioma.

GROSS ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND RETROCEREBRAL COMPLEX OF ADULT LIOCORIS UNCTUOSUS KELTON (HEMIPTERA:MIRIDAE)

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Ewen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Corpus Allatum ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Common Center

The gross anatomy of the central nervous system and retrocerebral complex of adult Liocoris unctuosus is described and figured. There are three ventral ganglia; the suboesophageal and first thoracic ganglia are separate, while the second and third thoracic are fused with the abdominal ganglia into a common center. Innervation of the reproductive organs in the male is described. The retrocerebral complex consists of the hypocerebral ganglion, paired corpora paracardiaca, and a single corpus allatum, and their associated nerves.

scholarly journals JC Polyomavirus (JCV) and Monoclonal Antibodies: Friends or Potential Foes?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Antonia Diotti ◽  
Akira Nakanishi ◽  
Nicola Clementi ◽  
Nicasio Mancini ◽  
Elena Criscuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Jc Polyomavirus ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), observed in immunodeficient patients and caused by JC virus ((JCV), also called JC polyomavirus (JCPyV)). After the HIV pandemic and the introduction of immunomodulatory therapy, the PML incidence significantly increased. The correlation between the use of natalizumab, a drug used in multiple sclerosis (MS), and the PML development of particular relevance. The high incidence of PML in natalizumab-treated patients has highlighted the importance of two factors: the need of PML risk stratification among natalizumab-treated patients and the need of effective therapeutic options. In this review, we discuss these two needs under the light of the major viral models of PML etiopathogenesis.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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