scholarly journals Complementary effect of attachment devices in stick insects (Phasmatodea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (23) ◽  
pp. jeb209833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thies H. Büscher ◽  
Stanislav N. Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Effect ◽  
Stick Insects ◽  
Attachment Devices

Giant stick insects reveal unique ontogenetic changes in biological attachment devices

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gottardo ◽  
Davide Vallotto ◽  
Rolf G. Beutel
Keyword(s):  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Stick Insects ◽  
Attachment Devices

scholarly journals The Effect of Bundling Trade Association Monitoring and Female Board Representation on Loan Losses in Community Credit Unions

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402110014
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Ward ◽  
John Forker ◽  
Barry Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Credit Unions ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Complementary Effect ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Board Representation ◽  
Loan Losses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Loan book management is important to community credit union survival, particularly in deprived localities. Consistent with agency theory, prior studies of credit unions report an association among individual monitoring mechanisms, trade association monitoring, and female board representation, respectively, and reduced loan losses. This study provides a more nuanced understanding by investigating the moderating influence of these monitoring mechanisms on the relationship between loan losses and deprivation and by considering the effect of bundle combinations of different levels of the two monitoring mechanisms on loan losses. The results reveal that credit unions subject to trade association monitoring have the lowest loan losses. However, in the absence of trade association monitoring, female board representation has a moderating effect on loan losses as deprivation increases. Finally, trade association monitoring and female board representation have a substitutive, rather than a complementary effect on loan losses.

scholarly journals Promiscuity among stick insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
Kenji Suetsugu ◽  
Nozaki Tomonari
Keyword(s):  
Stick Insects
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