scholarly journals Promiscuity among stick insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
Kenji Suetsugu ◽  
Nozaki Tomonari
Keyword(s):  
Stick Insects

scholarly journals A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bank ◽  
Royce T. Cumming ◽  
Yunchang Li ◽  
Katharina Henze ◽  
Stéphane Le Tirant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Stick Insects

AbstractThe insect order Phasmatodea is known for large slender insects masquerading as twigs or bark. In contrast to these so-called stick insects, the subordinated clade of leaf insects (Phylliidae) are dorso-ventrally flattened and therefore resemble leaves in a unique way. Here we show that the origin of extant leaf insects lies in the Australasian/Pacific region with subsequent dispersal westwards to mainland Asia and colonisation of most Southeast Asian landmasses. We further hypothesise that the clade originated in the Early Eocene after the emergence of angiosperm-dominated rainforests. The genus Phyllium to which most of the ~100 described species pertain is recovered as paraphyletic and its three non-nominate subgenera are recovered as distinct, monophyletic groups and are consequently elevated to genus rank. This first phylogeny covering all major phylliid groups provides the basis for future studies on their taxonomy and a framework to unveil more of their cryptic and underestimated diversity.

Evolutionary dynamics of specialisation in herbivorous stick insects

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Larose ◽  
Sergio Rasmann ◽  
Tanja Schwander
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Stick Insects

Intersegmental Coordination of Walking Movements in Stick Insects

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Ch. Ludwar ◽  
Marie L. Göritz ◽  
Joachim Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Stick Insect ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Chordotonal Organ ◽  
Adjacent Segment ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Stick Insects ◽  
Pattern Generators ◽  
Leg Movements

Locomotion requires the coordination of movements across body segments, which in walking animals is expressed as gaits. We studied the underlying neural mechanisms of this coordination in a semi-intact walking preparation of the stick insect Carausius morosus. During walking of a single front leg on a treadmill, leg motoneuron (MN) activity tonically increased and became rhythmically modulated in the ipsilateral deafferented and deefferented mesothoracic (middle leg) ganglion. The pattern of modulation was correlated with the front leg cycle and specific for a given MN pool, although it was not consistent with functional leg movements for all MN pools. In an isolated preparation of a pair of ganglia, where one ganglion was made rhythmically active by application of pilocarpine, we found no evidence for coupling between segmental central pattern generators (CPGs) that could account for the modulation of MN activity observed in the semi-intact walking preparation. However, a third preparation provided evidence that signals from the front leg's femoral chordotonal organ (fCO) influenced activity of ipsilateral MNs in the adjacent mesothoracic ganglion. These intersegmental signals could be partially responsible for the observed MN activity modulation during front leg walking. While afferent signals from a single walking front leg modulate the activity of MNs in the adjacent segment, additional afferent signals, local or from contralateral or posterior legs, might be necessary to produce the functional motor pattern observed in freely walking animals.

Stick Insects

2008 ◽  
pp. 3564-3564
Author(s):  
John B. Heppner ◽  
David B. Richman ◽  
Steven E. Naranjo ◽  
Dale Habeck ◽  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stick Insects
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