scholarly journals Cherchez la femme – impact of ocean acidification on the egg jelly coat and attractants for sperm

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 (13) ◽  
pp. jeb177188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawna A. Foo ◽  
Dione Deaker ◽  
Maria Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Jelly Coat ◽  
Egg Jelly

Visualization of the Lytechinus pictus egg jelly coat in platinum replicas

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Bonnell ◽  
Douglas Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Lytechinus Pictus ◽  
Jelly Coat ◽  
Egg Jelly

Structures of the sugar chains of a major glycoprotein present in the egg jelly coat of a starfish, Asterias amurensis

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamao Endo ◽  
Motonori Hoshi ◽  
Satoshi Endo ◽  
Yoji Arata ◽  
Akira Kobata
Keyword(s):  
Asterias Amurensis ◽  
Jelly Coat ◽  
Egg Jelly ◽  
Sugar Chains

scholarly journals O-glycan variability of egg-jelly mucins from Xenopus laevis: characterization of four phenotypes that differ by the terminal glycosylation of their mucins

2000 ◽  
Vol 352 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann GUERARDEL ◽  
Ossarath KOL ◽  
Emmanuel MAES ◽  
Tony LEFEBVRE ◽  
Bénoni BOILLY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Jelly Coat ◽  
New Family ◽  
Egg Jelly

Eggs from Xenopus laevis are surrounded by several layers of jelly that are needed for proper fertilization. Jelly coat is composed of high-molecular-mass glycoconjugates to which are bound many globular proteins. O-glycans released from the jelly coat of X. laevis have been partially described in previous studies. In this study, we compared the glycosylation pattern of the egg jelly coat isolated from six specimens of X. laevis. The O-glycans were released from jelly coats by alkali/borohydride treatment. Structural characterization was performed through a combination of one- and two-dimensional 1H-NMR and methylation analysis. This allowed the description of a new family of sulphated O-glycans present in jelly coats of all X. laevis. However, the jelly O-glycans showed a low extent of polymorphism between specimens. This intra-specific variability was restricted to the terminal substitution of O-linked oligosaccharides. The differential expression of two glycosyltransferase [an α-(1 → 4) galactosyltransferase and an α-(1 → 3) fucosyltransferase] activities resulted in the characterization of four phenotypes of X. laevis. Furthermore, electrophoretic analysis suggested that the high-molecular-mass fraction of jelly coat was mostly composed of mucin-type glycoproteins. Blot analysis with lectins confirmed that the glycan variability was borne by these mucin-type components. However, fertilization assays suggested that the glycan polymorphism had no repercussion on egg fertilizability.

Macromolecular composition of Xenopus laevis egg jelly coat

Biochemistry ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3101-3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Yurewicz ◽  
Gene Oliphant ◽  
Jerry L. Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Jelly Coat ◽  
Egg Jelly ◽  
Macromolecular Composition

Peptide-induced hyperactivation-like vigorous flagellar movement in starfish sperm

Zygote ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kogiku Shiba ◽  
Tomoko Tagata ◽  
Junko Ohmuro ◽  
Yoshihiro Mogami ◽  
Midori Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Jelly Coat ◽  
Cgmp Signalling ◽  
Flagellar Beat ◽  
Aphelasterias Japonica ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Egg Jelly

Asterosap, a sperm-activating peptide (SAP) from the starfish egg jelly coat, is diffusible and controls a cGMP-signalling pathway in starfish sperm in the same manner as resact, a potent chemoattracting SAP in sea urchins. This fact suggests that asterosap may serve as a chemoattractant like resact at concentrations with appropriate gradients. Since asterosap is one of three egg jelly components, which in concert induce the acrosome reaction, it is still worthwhile to evaluate how asterosap modulates sperm motility prior to this reaction. We analysed the flagellar movement of sperm of the starfish Aphelasterias japonica in artificial seawater (ASW) containing the asterosap isoform P15 at 1 μmol l−1. We found that sperm swim straighter with more symmetrical flagellar movement in P15 than in ASW, but without any significant difference in the flagellar beat frequency and the swimming velocity. The flagellar movement is, however, dramatically different between sperm firmly attached to the solid surface by the head in P15 and those attached in ASW: in P15 the flagellum bends to a greater extent, with higher curvature and with higher shear angle up to a right angle to the flagellar wave axis, and beats at an increased frequency. The vigorous flagellar movement of sperm, which can be activated when sperm are placed in high-load circumstances just as entering into a jelly layer, may increase propulsive forces and hydrodynamic resistances, allowing sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction as effectively as possible.

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