scholarly journals Three-dimensional trajectories affect the epaxial muscle activity of arboreal snakes crossing gaps

2017 ◽  
Vol 220 (19) ◽  
pp. 3545-3555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Jorgensen ◽  
Bruce C. Jayne
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arboreal Snakes ◽  
Epaxial Muscle

The Effect of Lifting vs. Lowering on Spinal Loading

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (13) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kermit G. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Spinal Loading ◽  
Spinal Loads ◽  
Trunk Strength ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In industry, workers perform tasks requiring both lifting and lowering. During concentric lifting, the muscles are shortening as the force is being generated. Conversely, the muscle lengthens while generating force during eccentric lowering. While research on various lifting tasks is extensive, there has been limited research performed to evaluate the lowering tasks. Most of the research that does exist on lowering has investigated muscle activity and trunk strength. None of these studies have investigated spinal loading. The current study estimated the effects of lifting and lowering on spinal loads and predicted moments imposed on the spine. Ten subjects performed both eccentric and concentric lifts under sagittally symmetric conditions. The tasks were performed under isokinetic trunk velocities of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 deg/s while holding a box with weights of 9.1, 18.2, and 27.3 kg. Spinal loads and predicted moments in three dimensional space were estimated by an EMG-assisted model which has been adjusted to incorporate the artifacts of eccentric lifting. Eccentric strength was found to be 56 percent greater than during concentric lifting. The lowering tasks produced significantly higher compression forces but lower anterior-posterior shear forces than the concentric lifting tasks. The differences in the spinal loads between the two lifting tasks were attributed to the internal muscle forces and unequal moments resulting from differences in the lifting path of the box. Thus, the differences between the lifting tasks resulted from different lifting styles associated with eccentric and concentric movements

scholarly journals Motion Analytics of Trapezius Muscle Activity in an 18-Year-Old Female with Extended Upper Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. e51-e55
Author(s):  
Jasmine J. Lin ◽  
Gromit Y.Y. Chan ◽  
Cláudio T. Silva ◽  
Luis G. Nonato ◽  
Preeti Raghavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy ◽  
Birth Palsy

Abstract Background The trapezius muscle is often utilized as a muscle or nerve donor for repairing shoulder function in those with brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP). To evaluate the native role of the trapezius in the affected limb, we demonstrate use of the Motion Browser, a novel visual analytics system to assess an adolescent with BPBP. Method An 18-year-old female with extended upper trunk (C5–6–7) BPBP underwent bilateral upper extremity three-dimensional motion analysis with Motion Browser. Surface electromyography (EMG) from eight muscles in each limb which was recorded during six upper extremity movements, distinguishing between upper trapezius (UT) and lower trapezius (LT). The Motion Browser calculated active range of motion (AROM), compiled the EMG data into measures of muscle activity, and displayed the results in charts. Results All movements, excluding shoulder abduction, had similar AROM in affected and unaffected limbs. In the unaffected limb, LT was more active in proximal movements of shoulder abduction, and shoulder external and internal rotations. In the affected limb, LT was more active in distal movements of forearm pronation and supination; UT was more active in shoulder abduction. Conclusion In this female with BPBP, Motion Browser demonstrated that the native LT in the affected limb contributed to distal movements. Her results suggest that sacrificing her trapezius as a muscle or nerve donor may affect her distal functionality. Clinicians should exercise caution when considering nerve transfers in children with BPBP and consider individualized assessment of functionality before pursuing surgery.

Three-dimensional reaching tasks: Effect of reaching height and width on upper limb kinematics and muscle activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Vandenberghe ◽  
Oron Levin ◽  
Joris De Schutter ◽  
Stephan Swinnen ◽  
Ilse Jonkers
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reaching Tasks ◽  
Limb Kinematics

scholarly journals Effort-dependent effects on uniform and diverse muscle activity features in skilled pitching

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Hashimoto ◽  
Ken Takiyama ◽  
Takeshi Miki ◽  
Hirofumi Kobayashi ◽  
Daiki Nasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tensor Decomposition ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Joint Motions ◽  
High Effort

AbstractHow do skilled players change their motion patterns depending on motion effort? Pitchers commonly accelerate wrist and elbow joint rotations via proximal joint motions. Contrastingly, they show individually different pitching motions, such as in wind-up or follow-through. Despite the generality of the uniform and diverse features, effort-dependent effects on these features are unclear. Here, we reveal the effort dependence based on muscle activity data in natural three-dimensional pitching performed by skilled players. We extract motor modules and their effort dependence from the muscle activity data via tensor decomposition. Then, we reveal the unknown relations among motor modules, common features, unique features, and effort dependence. The current study clarifies that common features are obvious in distinguishing between low and high effort and that unique features are evident in differentiating high and highest efforts.

Cerebellar Subjects Show Impaired Adaptation of Anticipatory EMG During Catching

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2108-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Lang ◽  
Amy J. Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Spatial Window ◽  
Anticipatory Muscle Activity ◽  
Adaptation Phase

We evaluated the role of the cerebellum in adapting anticipatory muscle activity during a multijointed catching task. Individuals with and without cerebellar damage caught a series of balls of different weights dropped from above. In Experiment 1(light-heavy-light), each subject was required to catch light balls ( baseline phase), heavy balls ( adaptation phase), and then light balls again ( postadaptation phase). Subjects were not told when the balls would be switched, and they were required to keep their hand within a vertical spatial “window” during the catch. During the series of trials, we measured three-dimensional (3-D) position and electromyogram (EMG) from the catching arm. We modeled the adaptation process using an exponential decay function; this model allowed us to dissociate adaptation from performance variability. Results from the position data show that cerebellar subjects did not adapt or adapted very slowly to the changed ball weight when compared with the control subjects. The cerebellar group required an average of 30.9 ± 8.7 trials (mean ± SE) to progress approximately two-thirds of the way through the adaptation compared with 1.7 ± 0.2 trials for the control group. Only control subjects showed a negative aftereffect indicating storage of the adaptation. No difference in performance variability existed between the two groups. EMG data show that control subjects increased their anticipatory muscle activity in the flexor muscles of the arm to control the momentum of the ball at impact. Cerebellar subjects were unable to differentially increase the anticipatory muscle activity across three joints to perform the task successfully. In Experiment 2 (heavy-light-heavy), we tested to see whether the rate of adaptation changed when adapting to a light ball versus a heavy ball. Subjects caught the heavy balls (baseline phase), the light balls (adaptation phase), and then heavy balls again (postadaptation phase). Comparison of rates of adaptation between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2showed that the rate of adaptation was unchanged whether adapting to a light ball or a heavy ball. Given these findings, we conclude that the cerebellum is important in generating the appropriate anticipatory muscle activity across multiple muscles and modifying it in response to changing demands though trial-and-error practice.

Changes in three dimensional lumbo-pelvic kinematics and trunk muscle activity with speed and mode of locomotion

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 784-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Saunders ◽  
Anthony Schache ◽  
David Rath ◽  
Paul W. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trunk Muscle

scholarly journals Statistical parametric mapping of three-dimensional local activity distribution of skeletal muscle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Yoshinori Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Parametric Mapping ◽  
Local Activity ◽  
Activity Distribution

AbstractAnalysis of the internal local activity distribution in human skeletal muscles is important for managing muscle fatigue/pain and dysfunction. However, no method is established for three-dimensional (3D) statistical analysis of features of activity regions common to multiple subjects during voluntary motor tasks. We investigated the characteristics of muscle activity distribution from the data of ten healthy subjects (29 ± 1 year old, 2 women) during voluntary teeth clenching under two different occlusal conditions by applying spatial normalization and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to analysis of muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI) using increase in transverse relaxation time (T2) of the skeletal muscle induced by exercise. The expansion of areas with significant T2 increase was observed in the masticatory muscles after clenching with molar loss comparing with intact dentition. The muscle activity distribution characteristics common to a group of subjects, i.e., the active region in the temporal muscle ipsilateral to the side with the molar loss and medial pterygoid muscle contralateral to the side with the molar loss, were clarified in 3D by applying spatial normalization and SPM to mfMRI analysis. This method might elucidate the functional distribution within the muscles and the localized muscular activity related to skeletal muscle disorders.

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