scholarly journals Anterior vena caval oxygen profiles in a deep-diving California sea lion: arteriovenous shunts, a central venous oxygen store and oxygenation during lung collapse

2017 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. jeb163428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Tift ◽  
Luis A. Hückstädt ◽  
Paul J. Ponganis
Keyword(s):  
Lung Collapse ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
California Sea Lion ◽  
Oxygen Store ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunts ◽  
Oxygen Profiles

scholarly journals Lung collapse in the diving sea lion: hold the nitrogen and save the oxygen

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte I. McDonald ◽  
Paul J. Ponganis
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Lung Collapse ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
California Sea Lion ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Abrupt Changes

Lung collapse is considered the primary mechanism that limits nitrogen absorption and decreases the risk of decompression sickness in deep-diving marine mammals. Continuous arterial partial pressure of oxygen profiles in a free-diving female California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus ) revealed that (i) depth of lung collapse was near 225 m as evidenced by abrupt changes in during descent and ascent, (ii) depth of lung collapse was positively related to maximum dive depth, suggesting that the sea lion increased inhaled air volume in deeper dives and (iii) lung collapse at depth preserved a pulmonary oxygen reservoir that supplemented blood oxygen during ascent so that mean end-of-dive arterial was 74 ± 17 mmHg (greater than 85% haemoglobin saturation). Such information is critical to the understanding and the modelling of both nitrogen and oxygen transport in diving marine mammals.

scholarly journals Studies on the Hemoglobins of Pinnipeds

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Lincoln ◽  
Diana T. Edmunds ◽  
T. John Gribble ◽  
Herbert C. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Elephant Seal ◽  
Harbor Seals ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
California Sea Lion ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Gray Harbor ◽  
Fur Seal

Abstract The hemoglobins of seven species of pinnipeds-elephant, ribbon, fur, harbor, and grey seals, walrus, and California sea lion-had two major and one minor hemoglobin fractions on electrophoresis at pH 8.6. One of the major fractions in all seven species had the same electrophoretic mobility. The second fractions of the gray, harbor, and ribbon seals were similar, but different from the second fractions of the walrus, fur seal, and sea lion. The second fraction of the elephant seal was different from all the others. The proportion of the two major fractions was about 3:1 in the elephant, grey, ribbon, and harbor seals, and about 1:1 in the fur seal, walrus, and sea lion. These results correlated well with the pinniped phylogenetic chart derived by classical morphology. All hemoglobin fractions were found to be alkali sensitive and heat stable. Gel filtration studies with Sephadex G-75 and G-100 indicated that the elephant seal hemoglobins had a mol wt of about 65,000. The amino acid compositions of the chains isolated from the hemoglobin fractions suggested that in the elephant seal one major fraction had two alpha and two beta chains, and the other major fraction had four like chains. The presence of a hemoglobin which is composed of a tetramer of like chains could be functionally advantageous to deep diving mammals.

Visual Learning set in a California sea lion

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly McCormley ◽  
Peter Cook ◽  
Madison Miketa ◽  
Colleen Reichmuth
Keyword(s):  
Visual Learning ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
California Sea Lion ◽  
Learning Set

Rehabilitation and Movement of a Blind California Sea Lion from the Southern Gulf of California to the Western Baja California Peninsula, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Fernando R. Elorriaga-Verplancken ◽  
Patricia Meneses ◽  
Abraham Cárdenas-Llerenas ◽  
Wayne Phillips ◽  
Abel de la Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Baja California Peninsula ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
California Sea Lion

Onset, growth, and recovery of in-air temporary threshold shift in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 2916 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kastak ◽  
Colleen Reichmuth ◽  
Marla M. Holt ◽  
Jason Mulsow ◽  
Brandon L. Southall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
Temporary Threshold Shift ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
California Sea Lion

Dental Pathology of the California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Sinai ◽  
R.H. Dadaian ◽  
P.H. Kass ◽  
F.J.M. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
California Sea Lion ◽  
Dental Pathology

Quantifying errors associated with using fecal samples to determine the diet of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J Orr ◽  
James T Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Zalophus Californianus ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
California Sea Lions ◽  
California Sea Lion ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Mesh Bag ◽  
Estimate Number ◽  
Fish Otoliths

The purpose of this study was to quantify the errors associated with using fecal samples to determine the diet of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Fishes and squids of known size and number were fed to five sea lions held in enclosures with seawater-filled pools. Enclosures were washed and pools were drained periodically so that sea lion feces could be collected using a 0.5 mm mesh bag. Fish otoliths and squid beaks were collected from feces and used to estimate number and size of prey eaten. An average of 50.7% (SE = 6.4%) of 430 fishes and 73.5% (SE = 12.0%) of 49 cephalopods fed to sea lions were represented by otoliths and beaks in feces, respectively. Estimated lengths of fish from feces were less than lengths of fish fed to sea lions by an average of 30.1% (SE = 2.8%). Beaks were not digested significantly; estimated lengths of squid were underestimated by an average of only 3.3% (SE = 1.5%) relative to actual lengths. Passage rates of otoliths varied, but more than 70% were recovered within 48 h after the fish was consumed. Passage rates of beaks were generally less than those of otoliths; six beaks (11%) were collected in feces 4 days after the squid were eaten. Correction factors were created to more reliably estimate the number and size of fishes and cephalopods eaten by California sea lions.

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