Serotonergic innervation and modulation of the stomatogastric ganglion of three decapod crustaceans (Panulirus interruptus, Homarus americanus and Cancer irroratus)

1984 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Beltz ◽  
J. S. Eisen ◽  
R. Flamm ◽  
R. M. Harris-Warrick ◽  
S. L. Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Stomatogastric Ganglion ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Panulirus Interruptus ◽  
Cancer Irroratus ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Stomatogastric System ◽  
Serotonergic Innervation

The serotonergic innervation of the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of three decapod crustacean species, Panulirus interruptus, Homarus americanus and Cancer irroratus, was studied. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the distribution of serotonin-like staining in regions of the stomatogastric system in the three species. In C. irroratus and H. americanus, but not in P. interruptus, serotonin-like staining was found in fibres in the stomatogastric nerve and in neuropil regions of the STG. High performance liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of serotonin in STG of C. irroratus and H. americanus, but serotonin was not found in STG of P. interruptus. Electrophysiological experiments showed that the pyloric motor output of the STG of all three species was influenced by bath applications of serotonin. The STG of P. interruptus responded to serotonin concentrations as low as 10–9M; however the STG of the other two species did not respond until serotonin concentrations in excess of 10-6M were applied. We conclude that serotonin may play a hormonal role in the control of the STG of P. interruptus, but is likely to be a neurotransmitter released by inputs to the STG of H. americanus and C. irroratus.

Nuclear DNA content variation associated with muscle fiber hypertrophic growth in decapod crustaceans

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gabriela Jimenez ◽  
Stephen T. Kinsey ◽  
Richard M. Dillaman ◽  
Donald F. Kapraun
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Palaemonetes Pugio ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Fiber Size

We tested the hypothesis that hypertrophic muscle growth in decapod crustaceans is associated with increases in both the number of nuclei per fiber and nuclear DNA content. The DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and chicken erythrocyte standards were used with static microspectrophotometry and image analysis to estimate nuclear DNA content in hemocytes and muscle fibers from eight decapod crustacean species: Farfantepenaeus aztecus , Palaemonetes pugio , Panulirus argus , Homarus americanus , Procambarus clarkii , Cambarus bartonii , Callinectes sapidus , and Menippe mercenaria . Mean diploid (2C) values in hemocytes ranged from 3.6 to 11.7 pg. Hemocyte 2C estimates were used to extrapolate ploidy level in the multinucleated skeletal muscle tissue of juvenile and adult animals. Across all species, mean muscle fiber diameters from adult animals were significantly larger than those in juveniles, and nuclear domains were greater in larger fibers. The number of nuclei per fiber increased with increasing fiber size, as hypothesized. Maximum nuclear DNA content per species in muscle ranged from 4C to 32C, consistent with endopolyploidy. Two patterns of body- and fiber-size-dependent shifts in ploidy were observed: four species had a significantly higher ploidy in the larger fibers of adults, while three species exhibited a significantly lower ploidy in adults than in juveniles. Thus, across species, there was no systematic relationship between nuclear domain size and nuclear DNA content.

scholarly journals Primary structures of decapod crustacean metallothioneins with special emphasis on freshwater and semi-terrestrial species

1996 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren N. PEDERSEN ◽  
Knud L PEDERSEN ◽  
Peter HØJRUP ◽  
Michael H. DEPLEDGE ◽  
Jens KNUDSEN
Keyword(s):  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Methionine Residue ◽  
Single Form ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
High Degree

Cadmium injections induced only a single form of metallothionein (MT) in the midgut gland of Potamon potamios, whereas the same treatment induced two isoforms in Astacus astacus. The only difference between the two latter isoforms was that one had an extra N-terminal methionine residue. MT from P. potamios showed structural differences from other decapod crustacean MTs. It contained a Gly-Thr motif at positions 8 and 8a, which had previously been found only in certain vertebrate and molluscan MTs. Furthermore P. potamios MT contained two to three times as many glutamic acid residues as normally found in decapod crustacean MT. The primary structure of MT from the freshwater crayfish A. astacus showed a high degree of sequence identity with MT from other decapod crustaceans, especially the marine astacidean Homarus americanus, although two valine residues were unexpectedly found at positions 8 and 21, where lysine residues are normally found.

Synaptic regulation of cellular properties and burst oscillations of neurons in gastric mill system of spiny lobsters, Panulirus interruptus

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Russell ◽  
D. K. Hartline
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Stomatogastric Ganglion ◽  
Gastric Mill ◽  
Panulirus Interruptus ◽  
Synaptic Regulation ◽  
Gastric Cells ◽  
Current Pulses ◽  
Regenerative Property ◽  
Stimulation Of

The properties of neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) participating in the pattern generator for the gastric mill rhythm were studied by intracellular current injection under several conditions: during ongoing gastric rhythms, in the nonrhythmic isolated STG, after stimulation of the nerve carrying central nervous system (CNS) inputs to the STG, or under Ba2+ or Sr2+. Slow regenerative depolarizations during ongoing rhythms were demonstrated in the anterior median, cardiopyloric, lateral cardiac, gastropyloric, and continuous inhibitor (AM, CP, LC, GP, and CI) neurons according to criteria such as voltage dependency, burst triggering, and termination by brief current pulses, etc. Experiments showed that regenerative-like behavior was not due to synaptic network interactions. The slow regenerative responses were abolished by isolating the stomatogastric ganglion but could be reestablished by stimulating the input nerve. This indicates that certain CNS inputs synaptically induce the regenerative property in specific gastric neurons. Slow regenerative depolarizations were not demonstrable in gastric mill (GM) motor neurons. Their burst oscillations and firing rate were instead proportional to injected current. CNS inputs evoked a prolonged depolarization in GM motor neurons, apparently by a nonregenerative mechanism. All the gastric cells showed prolonged regenerative potentials under 0.5-1.5 mM Ba2+. We conclude that the gastric neurons of the STG can be divided into three types according to their properties: those with a regenerative capability, a repetitively firing type, and a nonregenerative "proportional" type. The cells are strongly influenced by several types of CNS inputs, including "gastric command fibers."

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution patterns of the Oligocene and Miocene decapod crustaceans (Crustacea: Malacostraca) of the Western and Central Paratethys

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matúš Hyžný
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Central Paratethys ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Habitats

AbstractDecapod associations have been significant components of marine habitats throughout the Cenozoic when the major diversification of the group occurred. In this respect, the circum-Mediterranean area is of particular interest due to its complex palaeogeographic history. During the Oligo-Miocene, it was divided in two major areas, Mediterranean and Paratethys. Decapod crustaceans from the Paratethys Sea have been reported in the literature since the 19thcentury, but only recent research advances allow evaluation of the diversity and distribution patterns of the group. Altogether 176 species-level taxa have been identified from the Oligocene and Miocene of the Western and Central Paratethys. Using the three-dimensional NMDS analysis, the composition of decapod crustacean faunas of the Paratethys shows significant differences through time. The Ottnangian and Karpatian decapod associations were similar to each other both taxonomically and in the mode of preservation, and they differed taxonomically from the Badenian ones. The Early Badenian assemblages also differed taxonomically from the Late Badenian ones. The time factor, including speciation, immigration from other provinces and/or (local or global) extinction, can explain temporal differences among assemblages within the same environment. High decapod diversity during the Badenian was correlated with the presence of reefal settings. The Badenian was the time with the highest decapod diversity, which can, however, be a consequence of undersampling of other time slices. Whereas the Ottnangian and Karpatian decapod assemblages are preserved virtually exclusively in the siliciclastic “Schlier”-type facies that originated in non-reefal offshore environments, carbonate sedimentation and the presence of reefal environments during the Badenian in the Central Paratethys promoted thriving of more diverse reef-associated assemblages. In general, Paratethyan decapods exhibited homogeneous distribution during the Oligo-Miocene among the basins in the Paratethys. Based on the co-occurrence of certain decapod species, migration between the Paratethys and the North Sea during the Early Miocene probably occurred via the Rhine Graben. At larger spatial scales, our results suggest that the circum-Mediterranean marine decapod taxa migrated in an easterly direction during the Oligocene and/or Miocene, establishing present-day decapod communities in the Indo-West Pacific.

scholarly journals Digging deeper: new gene order rearrangements and distinct patterns of codons usage in mitochondrial genomes among shrimps from the Axiidea, Gebiidea and Caridea (Crustacea: Decapoda)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Hua Tan ◽  
Han Ming Gan ◽  
Yin Peng Lee ◽  
Gary C.B. Poore ◽  
Christopher M. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Significant Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

BackgroundWhole mitochondrial DNA is being increasingly utilized for comparative genomic and phylogenetic studies at deep and shallow evolutionary levels for a range of taxonomic groups. Although mitogenome sequences are deposited at an increasing rate into public databases, their taxonomic representation is unequal across major taxonomic groups. In the case of decapod crustaceans, several infraorders, including Axiidea (ghost shrimps, sponge shrimps, and mud lobsters) and Caridea (true shrimps) are still under-represented, limiting comprehensive phylogenetic studies that utilize mitogenomic information.MethodsSequence reads from partial genome scans were generated using the Illumina MiSeq platform and mitogenome sequences were assembled from these low coverage reads. In addition to examining phylogenetic relationships within the three infraorders, Axiidea, Gebiidea, and Caridea, we also investigated the diversity and frequency of codon usage bias and mitogenome gene order rearrangements.ResultsWe present new mitogenome sequences for five shrimp species from Australia that includes two ghost shrimps,Callianassa ceramicaandTrypaea australiensis, along with three caridean shrimps,Macrobrachium bullatum,Alpheus lobidens, andCaridinacf.nilotica. Strong differences in codon usage were discovered among the three infraorders and significant gene order rearrangements were observed. While the gene order rearrangements are congruent with the inferred phylogenetic relationships and consistent with taxonomic classification, they are unevenly distributed within and among the three infraorders.DiscussionOur findings suggest potential for mitogenome rearrangements to be useful phylogenetic markers for decapod crustaceans and at the same time raise important questions concerning the drivers of mitogenome evolution in different decapod crustacean lineages.

Organic cation secretion by Cancer borealis urinary bladder

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. R153-R159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Miller ◽  
C. W. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Organic Cation ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Cancer Borealis ◽  
Cancer Irroratus ◽  
Clearance Studies ◽  
Secretory Transport ◽  
Initial Clearance

In the crab, Cancer borealis, initial clearance studies showed a potent renal excretory system for the model organic cation, tetraethylammonium (TEA). TEA clearance averaged 145 +/- 32 ml/day, which was 18 times the paired polyethylene glycol clearance. TEA uptake by slices of urinary bladder was concentrative, saturable, inhibitable by N1-methylnicotinamide chloride, and dependent on glycolytic, but not oxidative, metabolism. When mounted in flux chambers, bladders exhibited a large net secretory flux. For 0.1 mM TEA, the ratio of secretory to reabsorptive fluxes was 65. Urinary bladders from another crab, Cancer irroratus, and a lobster, Homarus americanus, also exhibited net TEA secretion. In C. borealis bladder, secretory transport was concentrative, saturable, and nearly abolished by addition of 1 mM quinine to the serosal bath. Reabsorptive transport was not concentrative and was not reduced by luminal quinine. The data are consistent with a secretory pathway that is transcellular and mediated by carriers at both the serosal and luminal membranes.

Pyloric Neuron Morphology in the Stomatogastric Ganglion of the Lobster, Panulirus interruptus

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Thuma ◽  
William E. White ◽  
Kevin H. Hobbs ◽  
Scott L. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Stomatogastric Ganglion ◽  
Neuron Morphology ◽  
Panulirus Interruptus

Occurrence of nematode parasites in Calocaris macandreae (Crustacea: Decapoda) from an Irish Sea population

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Perez-Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans

INTRODUCTIONA number of nematodes are known to develop in decapod crustaceans. These parasite nematodes are present in the coelom of the host either free or surrounded by different types of host cells. All belong to the order Ascaridida or Spirurida and most of them develop only to the third larval stage in the decapod host; further development takes place in a predator of the crustacean which is generally a teleost or elasmobranch (Berland, 1961; Ouspenskaia, 1960; Petter, 1970; Poinar & Kuris, 1975;Uspenskaja, 1953; Yamaguti, 1961). The life-cycle in most cases is not fully understood. Ouspenskaia (1960) and Uspenskaja (1953, 1963) deduced the life-cycle for Ascarophis morrhuae van Beneden and A. filiformis Poljanski in the Barents Sea by relating the larvae found in decapod crustaceans through affinity of characters to the adults present in cod (Gadus morhua L.) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.). Similarly, the life-cycle of the spirurid Proleptus obtusus was described by Lloyd (1928); the larvae occur in a decapod crustacean, usually the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus L. and in some cases the shore crab Carcinus maenas L. and the adults are found in the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). A more complex life-cycle has been proposed for some anisakids such as Anisakis, Contracaecum and Hysterothylacium (Berland, 1961; Norris & Overstreet, 1976; Wootten, 1978) in which more than one intermediate host is required.

scholarly journals Electrical coupling and innexin expression in the stomatogastric ganglion of the crabCancer borealis

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2946-2958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal Shruti ◽  
David J. Schulz ◽  
Kawasi M. Lett ◽  
Eve Marder
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Stomatogastric Ganglion ◽  
Electrical Synapse ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Cancer Borealis ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Pyloric Dilator ◽  
Lateral Posterior

Gap junctions are intercellular channels that allow for the movement of small molecules and ions between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells and form electrical synapses between neurons. In invertebrates, the gap junction proteins are coded for by the innexin family of genes. The stomatogastric ganglion (STG) in the crab Cancer borealis contains a small number of identified and electrically coupled neurons. We identified Innexin 1 ( Inx1), Innexin 2 (Inx2), Innexin 3 (Inx3), Innexin 4 ( Inx4), Innexin 5 (Inx5), and Innexin 6 ( Inx6) members of the C. borealis innexin family. We also identified six members of the innexin family from the lobster Homarus americanus transcriptome. These innexins show significant sequence similarity to other arthropod innexins. Using in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), we determined that all the cells in the crab STG express multiple innexin genes. Electrophysiological recordings of coupling coefficients between identified pairs of pyloric dilator (PD) cells and PD-lateral posterior gastric (LPG) neurons show that the PD-PD electrical synapse is nonrectifying while the PD-LPG synapse is apparently strongly rectifying.

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