scholarly journals Repeatability of escape response performance in the queen scallop, Aequipecten opercularis

2013 ◽  
Vol 216 (17) ◽  
pp. 3264-3272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Laming ◽  
S. R. Jenkins ◽  
I. D. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Escape Response ◽  
Aequipecten Opercularis ◽  
Response Performance

Thermal sensitivity of escape response performance by the scallop Placopecten magellanicus: Impact of environmental history

2009 ◽  
Vol 377 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Guderley ◽  
Stéphanie Labbé-Giguere ◽  
Xavier Janssoone ◽  
Mélanie Bourgeois ◽  
Hernan Mauricio Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Escape Response ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Response Performance

Allozyme heterozygosity and escape response performance of the scallops, Argopecten purpuratus and Placopecten magellanicus

2011 ◽  
Vol 158 (8) ◽  
pp. 1903-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán M. Pérez ◽  
Katherina B. Brokordt ◽  
Réjean Tremblay ◽  
Helga E. Guderley
Keyword(s):  
Escape Response ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Argopecten Purpuratus ◽  
Response Performance

Evidence for a trade-off between defensive morphology and startle-response performance in the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Andraso ◽  
James N. Barron
Keyword(s):  
Escape Response ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Culaea Inconstans ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Brook Stickleback ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Deep Body

It is generally believed that predation pressure may drive the evolution of long spines, a robust pelvic girdle, and a deep body in sticklebacks (Pisces: Gasterosteidae). However, the lack of such traits in environments under intense predation pressure suggests that there may be a limit to which these apparently defensive structures benefit sticklebacks. In some environments, well-developed defensive structures may not increase stickleback survival, but may actually reduce fitness if there is a cost associated with them. This paper focuses on a trade-off between defensive morphology and escape-response performance in the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans). Our study of four populations of brook stickleback reveals that the population with the largest pelvic girdles and deepest bodies has a poorly developed escape response (i.e., small displacement, low maximum velocity, and low acceleration), while the population with the smallest pelvic girdles and shallowest bodies has a highly developed escape response. The two populations with intermediate defensive structures are intermediate in escape-response performance. Consideration of predation regimes in different environments may help us understand selection pressures that favor heavily versus poorly armored stickleback morphs.

Do dietary carotenoids improve the escape-response performance of southern corroboree frog larvae?

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 987-1006
Author(s):  
Emma P. McInerney ◽  
Aimee J. Silla ◽  
Phillip G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Escape Response ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Developmental Point ◽  
Early Larval Development ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Dietary antioxidants can improve escape-response performance in adult vertebrates, but whether juveniles receive similar benefits remains untested. Here, we investigated the effect of two dietary carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) on the escape-response of juvenile corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree) at two developmental points (early and late larval development). We found that burst speed was lower during late larval development compared to early larval development, particularly in the low- and high-dose lutein treatments. These findings suggest that performance decreased over time, and was reduced by lutein consumption. At each developmental point we found no treatment effect on escape-response, providing no evidence for carotenoid benefits. A previous study in corroboree frogs demonstrated that carotenoids improved adult escape-response, so our findings suggest that benefits of carotenoids in this species may be life-stage dependent. Continued investigation into how carotenoids influence escape-response at different life-stages will provide insights into mechanistic links between nutrition and behaviour.

Escape responses by jet propulsion in scallops

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 420-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga E. Guderley ◽  
Isabelle Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Escape Response ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Escape Performance ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Jet Propulsion ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Muscle Energetic

The impressive swimming escape response of scallops uses a simple locomotor system that facilitates analysis of the functional relationships between its primary components. One large adductor muscle, two valves, the muscular mantle, and the rubbery hinge ligament are the basic elements allowing swimming by jet propulsion. Although these basic functional elements are shared among scallop species, the exact nature of the escape response varies considerably within and among species. Valve shape and density have opposing influences upon the capacity for swimming and the ease of attack by predators once captured. Patterns of muscle use can partly overcome the constraints imposed by shell characteristics. The depletion of muscle reserves during gametogenesis leads to a trade-off between escape response performance and reproductive investment. However, changes in muscle energetic status influence repeat performance more than initial escape performance. Escape response performance is influenced by habitat temperature and mariculture techniques. During scallop ontogeny, changes in susceptibility to predation and in reproductive investment may influence escape response capacities. These ontogenetic patterns are likely to vary with the longevity and maximal size of each species. Although the basic elements allowing swimming by jet propulsion are common to scallops, their exact use varies considerably among species.

Response Strength of Young Children in Operant Audiometry

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Primus ◽  
Gary Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Intermittent Reinforcement ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Conditioning Rate ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Response Consistency ◽  
Measured Response ◽  
Response Habituation

An operant conditioning discrimination paradigm was evaluated in terms of relationships between response behavior of young children and two stimulus components of the paradigm, the discriminative stimulus (DS) and the reinforcing stimulus (RS). Experiment I measured response performance in normal 1-year-old subjects as a function of differences in intensity and/or complexity among three DSs. Results showed no significant differences in conditioning rate, habituation, or consistency of the conditioned response relative to variable properties of the DS. Experiment II examined response performance of normal 2-year-old children as a function of two modifications in the RS, reinforcement schedule and reinforcement novelty. Subjects reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement and subjects reinforced on a 100% schedule demonstrated equivalent response habituation and consistency. In the second part of the experiment, subjects receiving novel RSs showed significantly greater response recovery than subjects reinforced with familiar RSs. Comparison of normal 1- and 2-year-old children revealed similar rates of conditioning and response consistency. However, 2-year-olds habituated more rapidly than 1-year-olds.

Analysis of changes in indirect delayed response performance in monkeys with prefrontal lesions.

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (1, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Buddington ◽  
Frederick A. King ◽  
Lamar Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Delayed Response ◽  
Response Performance
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