scholarly journals Inorganic ion composition in Tardigrada: cryptobionts contain a large fraction of unidentified organic solutes

2012 ◽  
Vol 216 (7) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Halberg ◽  
K. W. Larsen ◽  
A. Jorgensen ◽  
H. Ramlov ◽  
N. Mobjerg
Keyword(s):  
Large Fraction ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Inorganic Ion

Inorganic ion composition of haemolymph of the cecropia silkmoth: Changes with diet and ontogeny

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Jungreis ◽  
Peter Jatlow ◽  
G.R. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Ion Composition ◽  
Inorganic Ion

scholarly journals The study of inorganic ion composition and chemical properties of rain water over Tehran city

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Abdemanafi ◽  
Amir-Hussain Meshkatee ◽  
Sohrab Hajjam ◽  
Majid Vazifedoust
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A study on major inorganic ion composition of atmospheric aerosols at Tirupati

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Chandra Mouli ◽  
S Venkata Mohan ◽  
S Jayarama Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Inorganic Ion

Compatible and counteracting solutes and the evolution of ion and osmoregulation in fishes

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Ballantyne ◽  
Christopher D. Moyes ◽  
Thomas W. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Organic Solute ◽  
Intracellular Milieu

The evolution of ion and osmoregulation in fishes can be divided into three physiological stages. The first stage is a strategy employed by extant hagfish and involved a reduction of inorganic ion levels intracellularly through the use of compatible organic solutes. During osmotic stress, the concentration of organic solutes changes to aid in cell volume regulation, but both intracellular and plasma inorganic ion levels may fluctuate. The next step involved substitution of a permeable and rapidly diffusing, nonmetabolizable organic solute (urea) for some of the other compatible organic solutes. This strategy is utilized by extant chondrichthians and the coelacanth. Specific levels of methylamines are maintained in the cells and extracellular fluids of these organisms to counteract adverse physicochemical effects of urea. Species using this strategy possess greater control of intracellular ion levels during osmotic stress. Reduced and relatively constant intracellular concentrations of inorganic ions minimize disruptive effects of osmotic stress on cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials. The final step in the evolution of control of the intracellular milieu during osmotic stress is the most energetically expensive. In actinopterygians, extracellular inorganic ion levels are controlled by special tissues (kidneys and gills) that also maintain tissue osmolarity relatively constant in environments of variable osmolarity. It is suggested that atmospheric oxygen levels at various times during the evolution of the fishes had a role in determining the osmotic strategy employed by different groups of fishes.

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