Compatible and counteracting solutes and the evolution of ion and osmoregulation in fishes

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Ballantyne ◽  
Christopher D. Moyes ◽  
Thomas W. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Organic Solute ◽  
Intracellular Milieu

The evolution of ion and osmoregulation in fishes can be divided into three physiological stages. The first stage is a strategy employed by extant hagfish and involved a reduction of inorganic ion levels intracellularly through the use of compatible organic solutes. During osmotic stress, the concentration of organic solutes changes to aid in cell volume regulation, but both intracellular and plasma inorganic ion levels may fluctuate. The next step involved substitution of a permeable and rapidly diffusing, nonmetabolizable organic solute (urea) for some of the other compatible organic solutes. This strategy is utilized by extant chondrichthians and the coelacanth. Specific levels of methylamines are maintained in the cells and extracellular fluids of these organisms to counteract adverse physicochemical effects of urea. Species using this strategy possess greater control of intracellular ion levels during osmotic stress. Reduced and relatively constant intracellular concentrations of inorganic ions minimize disruptive effects of osmotic stress on cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials. The final step in the evolution of control of the intracellular milieu during osmotic stress is the most energetically expensive. In actinopterygians, extracellular inorganic ion levels are controlled by special tissues (kidneys and gills) that also maintain tissue osmolarity relatively constant in environments of variable osmolarity. It is suggested that atmospheric oxygen levels at various times during the evolution of the fishes had a role in determining the osmotic strategy employed by different groups of fishes.

scholarly journals Aquaporin AqpZ Is Involved in Cell Volume Regulation and Sensitivity to Osmotic Stress in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (24) ◽  
pp. 6828-6836 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akai ◽  
K. Onai ◽  
M. Morishita ◽  
H. Mino ◽  
T. Shijuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Synechocystis Sp ◽  
Pcc 6803

Anisosmotic cell volume regulation: a comparative view

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. C159-C173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Chamberlin ◽  
K. Strange
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Perspective Drawing ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

A variety of organisms and cell types spanning the five taxonomic kingdoms are exposed, either naturally or through experimental means, to osmotic stresses. A common physiological response to these challenges is maintenance of cell volume through changes in the concentration of intracellular inorganic and organic solutes, collectively termed osmolytes. Research on the mechanisms by which the concentration of these solutes is regulated has proceeded along several experimental lines. Extensive studies on osmotically activated ion transport pathways have been carried out in vertebrate cells and tissues. Much of our knowledge on organic osmolytes has come from investigations on invertebrates, bacteria, and protists. The relative simplicity of bacterial genetics has provided a powerful and elegant tool to explore the modifications of gene expression during volume regulation. An implication of this diverse experimental approach is that phylogenetically divergent organisms employ uniquely adapted mechanisms of cell volume regulation. Given the probability that changes in extracellular osmolality were physiological stresses faced by the earliest organisms, it is more likely that cell volume regulation proceeds by highly conserved physiological processes. We review volume regulation from a comparative perspective, drawing examples from all five taxonomic kingdoms. Specifically, we discuss the role of inorganic and organic solutes in volume maintenance and the mechanisms by which the concentrations of these osmolytes are regulated. In addition, the processes that may transduce volume perturbations into regulatory responses, such as stretch activation of ion channels, intracellular signaling, and genomic regulation, are discussed. Throughout this review we emphasize areas we feel are important for future research.

scholarly journals A PP6-ASK3 Module Coordinates the Bidirectional Cell Volume Regulation under Osmotic Stress

Cell Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2809-2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Watanabe ◽  
Tsuyoshi Umeda ◽  
Kuniyoshi Niwa ◽  
Isao Naguro ◽  
Hidenori Ichijo
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation

scholarly journals Suitability of sugar, amino acid, and inorganic ion compositions to distinguish fir and spruce honey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Shaaban ◽  
Victoria Seeburger ◽  
Annette Schroeder ◽  
Gertrud Lohaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Different Types

AbstractHoneydew honey is produced by bees from excretions of plant-feeding insects, such as aphids and scale insects. Honeydew on conifers, like fir (Abies alba) or spruce (Picea abies), is produced by different species of the genera Cinara and Physokermes. This means that honeydew honey can stem from different botanical as well as zoological origins, but so far it is not possible to clearly distinguish the different types of honeys. In the attempt to identify distinguishing markers, 19 sugars, 25 amino acids and 9 inorganic ions were quantified in three groups of honeydew honey (fir/Cinara, spruce/Cinara and spruce/Physokermes) with 20 honey samples each. It could be demonstrated that the contents of isomaltose, raffinose, erlose, two undefined oligosaccharides, several amino acids, sulfate, and phosphate differed significantly between the three groups of honey. Furthermore, multivariate analyses resulted in a separation of spruce/Physokermes honey from spruce- or fir/Cinara honey due to its higher contents of phosphate, sulfate, erlose and two undefined oligosaccharides. Moreover, the amino acid composition and the isomaltose as well as the raffinose contents proved useful in the distinction between fir/Cinara and spruce/Cinara honey. In sum, the contents of sugars, amino acids, and inorganic ions in German fir and spruce honeys provide useful information about the botanical and zoological origin of honeydew honeys.

scholarly journals Root System Architecture Plasticity of Bread Wheat in Response to Oxidative Burst under Extended Osmotic Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Omar Azab ◽  
Abdullah Al-Doss ◽  
Thobayet Alshahrani ◽  
Salah El-Hendawy ◽  
Adel M. Zakri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root System ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Scavenging Capacity

There is a demand for an increase in crop production because of the growing population, but water shortage hinders the expansion of wheat cultivation, one of the most important crops worldwide. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to mimic drought stress due to its high osmotic potentials generated in plants subjected to it. This study aimed to determine the root system architecture (RSA) plasticity of eight bread wheat genotypes under osmotic stress in relation to the oxidative status and mitochondrial membrane potential of their root tips. Osmotic stress application resulted in differences in the RSA between the eight genotypes, where genotypes were divided into adapted genotypes that have non-significant decreased values in lateral roots number (LRN) and total root length (TRL), while non-adapted genotypes have a significant decrease in LRN, TRL, root volume (RV), and root surface area (SA). Accumulation of intracellular ROS formation in root tips and elongation zone was observed in the non-adapted genotypes due to PEG-induced oxidative stress. Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was measured for both stress and non-stress treatments in the eight genotypes as a biomarker for programmed cell death as a result of induced osmotic stress, in correlation with RSA traits. PEG treatment increased scavenging capacity of the genotypes from 1.4-fold in the sensitive genotype Gemmiza 7 to 14.3-fold in the adapted genotype Sakha 94. The adapted genotypes showed greater root trait values, ∆Ψm plasticity correlated with high scavenging capacity, and less ROS accumulation in the root tissue, while the non-adapted genotypes showed little scavenging capacity in both treatments, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane permeability, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of oxidative stress.

Mechanisms responsible for cell volume regulation during hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-638
Author(s):  
Xiwu Sun ◽  
Christopher T Ducko ◽  
Eric M Hoenicke ◽  
Karen Reigle ◽  
Ralph J Damiano
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Cardioplegic Arrest
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document