scholarly journals Repeatability of standard metabolic rate, active metabolic rate and aerobic scope in young brown trout during a period of moderate food availability

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 (10) ◽  
pp. 1668-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Norin ◽  
H. Malte
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Scope

scholarly journals The optimal combination of standard metabolic rate and aerobic scope for somatic growth depends on food availability

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya K. Auer ◽  
Karine Salin ◽  
Agata M. Rudolf ◽  
Graeme J. Anderson ◽  
Neil B. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Aerobic Scope

scholarly journals Aerobic scope explains individual variation in feeding capacity

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 20150793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya K. Auer ◽  
Karine Salin ◽  
Graeme J. Anderson ◽  
Neil B. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Juvenile Brown Trout

Links between metabolism and components of fitness such as growth, reproduction and survival can depend on food availability. A high standard metabolic rate (SMR; baseline energy expenditure) or aerobic scope (AS; the difference between an individual's maximum and SMR) is often beneficial when food is abundant or easily accessible but can be less important or even disadvantageous when food levels decline. While the mechanisms underlying these context-dependent associations are not well understood, they suggest that individuals with a higher SMR or AS are better able to take advantage of high food abundance. Here we show that juvenile brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) with a higher AS were able to consume more food per day relative to individuals with a lower AS. These results help explain why a high aerobic capacity can improve performance measures such as growth rate at high but not low levels of food availability.

scholarly journals Climate change in fish: effects of respiratory constraints on optimal life history and behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 20141032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Holt ◽  
Christian Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Common Trade

The difference between maximum metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate is referred to as aerobic scope, and because it constrains performance it is suggested to constitute a key limiting process prescribing how fish may cope with or adapt to climate warming. We use an evolutionary bioenergetics model for Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) to predict optimal life histories and behaviours at different temperatures. The model assumes common trade-offs and predicts that optimal temperatures for growth and fitness lie below that for aerobic scope; aerobic scope is thus a poor predictor of fitness at high temperatures. Initially, warming expands aerobic scope, allowing for faster growth and increased reproduction. Beyond the optimal temperature for fitness, increased metabolic requirements intensify foraging and reduce survival; oxygen budgeting conflicts thus constrain successful completion of the life cycle. The model illustrates how physiological adaptations are part of a suite of traits that have coevolved.

scholarly journals Does parental angling selection affect the behavior or metabolism of brown trout parr?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni M. Prokkola ◽  
Nico Alioravainen ◽  
Lauri Mehtätalo ◽  
Pekka Hyvärinen ◽  
Alexandre Lemopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe behavior of organisms can be subject to human induced selection such as that arising from fishing. Angling is expected to induce mortality on fish with bold and explorative behavior, which are behaviors commonly linked to a high standard metabolic rate. We studied the transgenerational response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to angling-induced selection by examining the behavior and metabolism of 1-year-old parr between parents that were or were not captured by experimental fly fishing. We performed the angling selection experiment on both a wild and a captive population, and compared the offspring for standard metabolic rate and behavior under predation risk in common garden conditions. Angling had population-specific effects on risk taking and exploration tendency, but no effects on standard metabolic rate. Our study adds to the evidence that angling can induce transgenerational responses on fish personality. However, understanding the mechanisms of divergent responses between the populations requires further study on the selectivity of angling in various conditions.

scholarly journals Standard metabolic rate predicts growth trajectory of juvenile Chinese crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under changing food availability

Biology Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1305-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Qing Zeng ◽  
An-Jie Zhang ◽  
Shaun S. Killen ◽  
Zhen-Dong Cao ◽  
Yu-Xiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Growth Trajectory ◽  
Crucian Carp Carassius Auratus

scholarly journals Temperature acclimation rate of aerobic scope and feeding metabolism in fishes: implications in a thermally extreme future

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20141490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Sandblom ◽  
Albin Gräns ◽  
Michael Axelsson ◽  
Henrik Seth
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Maximum Metabolic Rate

Temperature acclimation may offset the increased energy expenditure (standard metabolic rate, SMR) and reduced scope for activity (aerobic scope, AS) predicted to occur with local and global warming in fishes and other ectotherms. Yet, the time course and mechanisms of this process is little understood. Acclimation dynamics of SMR, maximum metabolic rate, AS and the specific dynamic action of feeding (SDA) were determined in shorthorn sculpin ( Myoxocephalus scorpius ) after transfer from 10°C to 16°C. SMR increased in the first week by 82% reducing AS to 55% of initial values, while peak postprandial metabolism was initially greater. This meant that the estimated AS during peak SDA approached zero, constraining digestion and leaving little room for additional aerobic processes. After eight weeks at 16°C, SMR was restored, while AS and the estimated AS during peak SDA recovered partly. Collectively, this demonstrated a considerable capacity for metabolic thermal compensation, which should be better incorporated into future models on organismal responses to climate change. A mathematical model based on the empirical data suggested that phenotypes with fast acclimation rates may be favoured by natural selection as the accumulated energetic cost of a slow acclimation rate increases in a warmer future with exacerbated thermal variations.

scholarly journals Differential effects of food availability on minimum and maximum rates of metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 20160586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya K. Auer ◽  
Karine Salin ◽  
Agata M. Rudolf ◽  
Graeme J. Anderson ◽  
Neil B. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Cost Of Living

Metabolic rates reflect the energetic cost of living but exhibit remarkable variation among conspecifics, partly as a result of the constraints imposed by environmental conditions. Metabolic rates are sensitive to changes in temperature and oxygen availability, but effects of food availability, particularly on maximum metabolic rates, are not well understood. Here, we show in brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) that maximum metabolic rates are immutable but minimum metabolic rates increase as a positive function of food availability. As a result, aerobic scope (i.e. the capacity to elevate metabolism above baseline requirements) declines as food availability increases. These differential changes in metabolic rates likely have important consequences for how organisms partition available metabolic power to different functions under the constraints imposed by food availability.

scholarly journals Physiological basis of temperature-dependent biogeography: trade-offs in muscle design and performance in polar ectotherms

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (15) ◽  
pp. 2217-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Pörtner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Activity Maximum ◽  
Trade Offs

SUMMARYPolar, especially Antarctic, oceans host ectothermic fish and invertebrates characterized by low-to-moderate levels of motor activity; maximum performance is reduced compared with that in warmer habitats. The present review attempts to identify the trade-offs involved in adaptation to cold in the light of progress in the physiology of thermal tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that oxygen limitations and a decrease in aerobic scope are the first indications of tolerance limits at both low and high temperature extremes. The cold-induced reduction in aerobic capacity is compensated for at the cellular level by elevated mitochondrial densities, accompanied by molecular and membrane adjustments for the maintenance of muscle function. Particularly in the muscle of pelagic Antarctic fish, among notothenioids, the mitochondrial volume densities are among the highest known for vertebrates and are associated with cold compensation of aerobic metabolic pathways, a reduction in anaerobic scope, rapid recovery from exhaustive exercise and enhanced lipid stores as well as a preference for lipid catabolism characterized by high energy efficiency at high levels of ambient oxygen supply. Significant anaerobic capacity is still found at the very low end of the activity spectrum, e.g. among benthic eelpout (Zoarcideae).In contrast to the cold-adapted eurytherms of the Arctic, polar (especially Antarctic) stenotherms minimize standard metabolic rate and, as a precondition, the aerobic capacity per milligram of mitochondrial protein,thereby minimizing oxygen demand. Cost reductions are supported by the downregulation of the cost and flexibility of acid—base regulation. At maintained factorial scopes, the reduction in standard metabolic rate will cause net aerobic scope to be lower than in temperate species. Loss of contractile myofilaments and, thereby, force results from space constraints due to excessive mitochondrial proliferation. On a continuum between low and moderately high levels of muscular activity, polar fish have developed characteristics of aerobic metabolism equivalent to those of high-performance swimmers in warmer waters. However, they only reach low performance levels despite taking aerobic design to an extreme.

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