scholarly journals Sustained performance by red and white muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula

2010 ◽  
Vol 213 (11) ◽  
pp. 1921-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Curtin ◽  
F. Lou ◽  
R. C. Woledge
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Sustained Performance

The energetic cost of activation of white muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Lou ◽  
N Curtin ◽  
R Woledge
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Total Heat ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
A Value

The energetic cost of activation was measured during an isometric tetanus of white muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. The total heat production by the fibres was taken as a measure of the total energetic cost. This energy consists of two parts. One is due to crossbridge interaction which produces isometric force, and this part varies linearly with the degree of filament overlap in the fibres. The other part of the energy is that associated with activation of the crossbridges by Ca2+, mainly with uptake of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by the ATP-driven Ca2+ pump. Total heat production was measured at various degrees of filament overlap beyond the optimum for force development. Extrapolation of heat versus force production data to evaluate the heat remaining at zero force gave a value of 34±5 % (mean ± s.e.m., N=24) for activation heat as a percentage of total heat production in a 2.0 s isometric tetanus. Values for 0.4 and 1.0 s of stimulation were similar. Comparison with values in the literature shows that the energetic cost of activation in dogfish muscle is very similar to that of frog skeletal muscle and it cannot explain the lower maximum efficiency of dogfish muscle compared with frog muscle. The proportion of energy for activation (Ca2+ turnover) is similar to that expected from a simple model in which Ca2+ turnover was varied to minimize the total energy cost for a contraction plus relaxation cycle.

scholarly journals Mechanics of myosin function in white muscle fibres of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula

2012 ◽  
Vol 590 (8) ◽  
pp. 1973-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Park‐Holohan ◽  
M. Linari ◽  
M. Reconditi ◽  
L. Fusi ◽  
E. Brunello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula

Elastic energy storage and release in white muscle from dogfish scyliorhinus canicula

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lou ◽  
N.A. Curtin ◽  
R.C. Woledge
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
External Work ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Velocity Of Shortening ◽  
In Series

The production of work by the contractile component (CC) and the storage and release of work in the elastic structures that act in series (the series elastic component, SEC) with the contractile component were measured using white muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Heat production was also measured because the sum of work and heat is equivalent to the energy cost of the contraction (ATP used). These energy fluxes were evaluated in contractions with constant-velocity shortening either during stimulation or during relaxation. The muscle preparation was tetanized for 0.6 s and shortened by 1 mm (approximately 15 % of L0) at 3.5 or 7.0 mm s-1 (approximately 15 or 30 % of V0), where L0 is the muscle length at which isometric force is greatest and V0 is the maximum velocity of shortening. In separate experiments, the stiffness of the SEC was characterized from measurements of force responses to step changes in the length of contracting muscle. Using the values of SEC stiffness, we evaluated separately the work and heat associated with the CC and with the SEC. The major findings were (1) that work stored in the SEC could be completely recovered as external work when shortening occurred during relaxation (none of the stored work being degraded into heat) and (2) that, when shortening occurred progressively later during the contraction, the total energy cost of the contraction declined towards that of an isometric contraction.

Heat production and oxygen consumption during metabolic recovery of white muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lou ◽  
W. J. van Der Laarse ◽  
N.A. Curtin ◽  
R.C. Woledge
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Courses

Oxygen consumption and heat production were measured during contraction and recovery of isolated, white muscle fibres from dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) at 19 degrees C. The contraction period consisted of 20 isometric twitches at 3 Hz; this was followed by a recovery period of 2 h without stimulation. We tested the hypothesis that recovery is wholly oxidative (not glycolytic) in these fibres. The following features support this hypothesis. (i) The ratio of total heat produced to oxygen consumed, 451+/−34 kJ mol(−)(1) (mean +/− s.e.m., N=29), was close to that expected for either the oxidation of carbohydrate, 473 kJ mol(−)(1), or the oxidation of fat, 439 kJ mol(−)(1). Even assuming the maximum value (95 % confidence limit) of the observed heat production, glycolysis could account for resynthesis of at most 18 % of the ATP used during the contractions. (ii) When the difference in rates of diffusion of oxygen and heat within the muscle are taken into account, the time courses of oxygen consumption and heat production match each other well during the entire recovery period. The efficiency of recovery (=energy used for ATP synthesis/energy available for ATP synthesis) was estimated from the results. This value, 84.0+/−20.1 % (mean +/− s.e.m., N=29), is relatively high and represents the first such measurement in functioning muscle.

Power at the expense of efficiency in contraction of white muscle fibres from dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Curtin ◽  
R Woledge
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Stimulus Timing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Myotomal Muscle

Work and heat production of white myotomal muscle fibres from dogfish were measured during sinusoidal movement (0.71-5.0 Hz) at 12 C. Stimulus phase (stimulus timing relative to movement) and duty cycle (stimulus duration as a fraction of movement cycle duration) were varied to determine the parameters optimal for power output and for efficiency (work/total energy output). Movements of 0.067 and 0.120L0 were used, where L0 is the muscle fibre length giving maximum force in an isometric tetanus. At each frequency of movement and duty cycle, the stimulus phase giving the highest power was the same as that giving the highest efficiency. In contrast, at each frequency and optimal stimulus phase, the dependence of power on duty cycle was very different from the dependence of efficiency on duty cycle. Power generally increased with increasing duty cycle, whereas efficiency decreased. Thus, high power can be achieved at the expense of efficiency by adjusting stimulus duty cycle. When stimulus phase and duty cycle were optimized, efficiency was always higher for the larger distance of movement. The efficiency of energy conversion can be maintained at a high level as the frequency of movement increases from 1.25 to 5.0 Hz.

The resting membrane potential of white muscle from brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed to copper in soft, acidic water

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (14) ◽  
pp. 2229-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Beaumont ◽  
E.W. Taylor ◽  
P.J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Previously, the distribution of ammonia between the intracellular and extracellular compartments has been used to predict a significant depolarisation of the resting membrane potential (E(M)) of white muscle from brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed to a sub-lethal combination of copper and low pH. However, this prediction is based upon two assumptions (i) a relatively high membrane permeability for the ammonium ion with respect to that for ammonia gas and (ii) that this is unaltered by exposure to copper and low pH. Since there is conflicting evidence in the literature of the validity of these assumptions, in the present study E(M) was directly measured in white muscle fibres of trout exposed to copper and low pH (E(M)=−52.2+/−4.9 mV) and compared with that of unexposed, control animals (E(M)=−86.5+/−2.9 mV) (means +/− s.e.m., N=6). In confirming the predicted depolarisation, these data support the hypothesis of electrophysiological impairment as a factor in the reduction in the swimming performance of trout exposed to these pollutants. In addition, the results of this study support the role of a significant permeability of the muscle membrane to NH(4)(+) in determining the distribution of ammonia in fish.

Early thermal experience has different effects on growth and muscle fibre recruitment in spring- and autumn-running Atlantic salmon populations

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (17) ◽  
pp. 2553-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Johnston ◽  
H.A. McLay ◽  
M. Abercromby ◽  
D. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Muscle Satellite Cells ◽  
First Feeding

The consequence of early thermal experience for subsequent growth patterns was investigated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Spring- and autumn-running salmon were caught in upland (Baddoch) and lowland (Sheeoch) tributaries of the River Dee, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, respectively, on the final stages of their spawning migrations. The eggs were incubated at the simulated natural temperature regime of each stream, which was on average 2.8 degrees C lower for the Baddoch. The offspring, representing 11 families per population, were transferred at first feeding to constant environmental conditions (12–14 degrees C; 16h:8h light:dark photoperiod) and reared in replicate tanks. Salmon of both populations were longer and heavier at 6 and 12 weeks in fish initially reared under the cooler Baddoch regime. Length frequency distributions became bimodal after 18 weeks, and only the upper growth mode was studied. Modelling of length distributions at 40 weeks revealed significantly different patterns of muscle growth according to initial temperature regime, but only for the Sheeoch salmon. In fish of Sheeoch origin, significantly more white muscle fibres were recruited per mm(2) increase in myotomal cross-sectional area at Sheeoch than at Baddoch temperatures (P<0.01). After 40 weeks, the density of white fibres was 10.4 % higher in fish initially reared at the Sheeoch (533+/−6 mm(−2)) than at the Baddoch (483+/−5 mm(−2)) thermal regimes (means +/− s.e.m., 16 fish per group; P<0.001). Muscle satellite cells were identified using an antibody to c-met. At 24 weeks, the density of muscle satellite cells was 29 % higher in Sheeoch salmon reared to first feeding at the temperature of their natal stream than at cooler Baddoch temperatures (P<0.01). In contrast, the number and size distributions of white muscle fibres in the myotomes of Baddoch salmon were independent of early thermal experience.

White muscle strain in the common carp and red to white muscle gearing ratios in fish

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Wakeling ◽  
I.A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
High Speed ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
The Common ◽  
Superficial Muscle ◽  
Helical Geometry

White muscle strains were recorded using sonomicrometry techniques for 70 fast-starts in the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. High-speed cine images were recorded simultaneously for 54 of these starts, and muscle strain was calculated independently from the digitized outlines of the fish. Sonomicrometry measurements of superficial muscle strain were not significantly different from the strain as calculated from the theory of simple bending of a homogeneous material: superficial muscle strain thus varied with chordwise distance from the spine. However, white muscle strain across a transverse section of the myotome shows less variation with chordwise position than would be expected from simple bending theory. Muscle strains measured using sonomicrometry thus do not necessarily represent the more uniform strain predicted for the whole section of the fish. White muscle strain can be accurately predicted from the spine curvatures as measured from the cine images if the gearing ratio between the red and white muscle fibres is known. A model for calculating the gearing ratio from the helical muscle fibre geometry was re-evaluated using current data for the kinematics of fast-starting C. carpio. This model predicted a mean gearing ratio of 2.8 for these fast-starts. A quicker, alternative approach to estimating gearing ratio from the position of the centroid of white fibre area is proposed and results in ratios similar to those calculated from the model of helical geometry. White muscle strains in fish can thus be estimated from measurements of spine curvature and muscle distribution alone.

scholarly journals Suxamethonium Fasciculations: A Topographical Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive B. Collier
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Resistant Group

It has been found in a group of 455 gynaecological patients that not all the voluntary muscles of the body respond to suxamethonium in the same way. One group of muscles (e.g. biceps) which is sensitive to suxamethonium, responds by fasciculating in almost every individual. A second, resistant, group of muscles (e.g. pectoralis major) is almost totally unresponsive to suxamethonium. A third muscle group (e.g. triceps) shows fasciculations in about 60% of cases and appears intimately associated with the development of suxamethonium pains, for if fasciculations do occur then suxamethonium pains are likely to ensue, but not necessarily involving all the fasciculating muscles. A theory to account for these different groups has been proposed involving the known variation in distribution of red and white muscle fibres throughout the body.

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