HIGH METABOLIC RATE FLIES LIKE IT COLD

2009 ◽  
Vol 212 (15) ◽  
pp. v-v
Author(s):  
C. Darveau
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Metabolic Rate

Viral Susceptibility and Embryonic Differentiation.

Development ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764
Author(s):  
Juhani Rapola ◽  
Tapani Vainio ◽  
Lauri Saxén
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Embryonic Tissue ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Viral Susceptibility ◽  
Proliferative Rate ◽  
Active Proliferation ◽  
Severe Tissue

The fact that viral susceptibility changes during embryogenesis has been pointed out by both experimental embryologists and clinical practitioners, not to mention virologists working with avian material. In attempts to find the fundamental factors which make embryonic tissue susceptible or resistant to a given virus, the metabolic and proliferative rate have been considered relevant (Williamson et al., 1953; Robertson et al., 1955; Töndury, 1956). Experience accumulated in studies of the replication of various viruses in tissue culture has taught us that a high metabolic rate and active proliferation may not always enhance viral replication (Ginsberg, 1958). However, there seems to be justification for the view that an injurious agent leads to more severe tissue damage when it exercises its effect upon actively proliferating tissues than when it does so at the ‘resting stage’.

The metabolic rate and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) at different ambient temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Ikonomopoulou ◽  
R. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Reproductive Females

We investigated the metabolic rate, thermoneutral zone and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot in Tasmania. Five adult eastern barred bandicoots (two males, three non-reproductive females) were tested at temperatures of 3, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The thermoneutral zone was calculated from oxygen consumption and body temperature, measured during the daytime: their normal resting phase. It was found that the thermoneutral zone lies between 25°C and 30°C, with a minimum metabolic rate of 0.51 mL g–1 h–1 and body temperature of 35.8°C. At cooler ambient temperatures (3–20°C) the body temperature decreased to approximately 34.0°C while the metabolic rate increased from 0.7 to 1.3 mL g–1�h–1. At high temperatures (35°C and 40°C) both body temperature (36.9–38.7°C) and metabolic rate (1.0–1.5 mL g–1 h–1) rose. Thermal conductance was low below an ambient temperature of 30°C but increased significantly at higher temperatures. The low thermal conductance (due, in part, to good insulation, a reduced body temperature at lower ambient temperatures, combined with a relatively high metabolic rate) suggests that this species is well adapted to cooler environments but it could not thermoregulate easily at temperatures above 30°C.

scholarly journals On the metabolic gradient of the frog's egg

1923 ◽  
Vol 94 (660) ◽  
pp. 232-249 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Remarkable Degree ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Rate

After a very considerable amount of work, chiefly on regeneration of certain hydroids and flatworms, Child came to the conclusion that in the adult forms there is a gradient in the rate of metabolism extending from a region of high rate at the anterior end to a region of low rate at the posterior end. On this basis he was able to predict with a remarkable degree of success many results which might be obtained in experimental work on regeneration in these forms. As a further result he enunciated his “Dynamic Conception of the Individual.” In this conception he postulates that in all organisms there is a gradient in the rate of metabolism from a dominant region of high metabolic rate to regions of a lower rate. In axiate organisms this dominant region is at the anterior or apical end, and the rate of metabolism decreases towards the posterior or basal end. These gradients are evidenced in a variety of ways. There may be an apico-basal gradient in the rate of cell division in a cleaving egg or in the rate of morphogenesis, the organs of the apical end developing before those of the basal end. There is often a gradient in the ease with which intra vitam stains will stain the various regions of the organism. There may be a gradient in electric potential, or in the susceptibility of the organism to toxic agents.

scholarly journals Larger mass of high-metabolic-rate organs does not explain higher resting energy expenditure in children

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1506-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Hsu ◽  
Stanley Heshka ◽  
Isaac Janumala ◽  
Mi-Yeon Song ◽  
Mary Horlick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Energy

scholarly journals Palaeohistological Evidence for Ancestral High Metabolic Rate in Archosaurs

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas J. Legendre ◽  
Guillaume Guénard ◽  
Jennifer Botha-Brink ◽  
Jorge Cubo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Metabolic Rate

scholarly journals Smaller size of high metabolic rate organs explains lower resting energy expenditure in Asian-Indian Than Chinese men

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
L L T Song ◽  
K Venkataraman ◽  
P Gluckman ◽  
Y S Chong ◽  
M-W L Chee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Resting Energy

The Physiology and Energetics of Bat Flight

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN P. THOMAS ◽  
RODERICK A. SUTHERS
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Bird Flight ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Oxygen Capacity ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Phyllostomus Hastatus

1. The energetics and physiological responses to flight of the echolocating bat Phyllostomus hastatus were studied to determine the energy requirements and physiological adaptations for mammalian flight. 2. The metabolic cost of bat flight is approximately comparable to that of bird flight and requires a metabolic rate appreciably greater than has been reported for terrestrial mammals during exercise. During flight P. hastatus consumed between 24.7 and 29.1 ml O2 (g h)-1, which is about four times its metabolic rate immediately prior to flight and more than 30 times its oxygen consumption while resting with a TR of 36.5 °C in a small chamber. 3. The onset of flight is accompanied by an abrupt increase in both the heart rate, from about 8.7 to 13 beats/sec, and the respiratory rate, from 3 to about 9.6/sec. Rectal temperature is elevated during flight and maintained at about 41.8 °C. The respiratory quotient, which averages 0.83 in a quietly resting bat, rises to a little over 1.0 during the first few minutes of flight. 4. The minimum estimated tidal volume during flight is about 1.4 ml. One respiratory cycle occurs with each wingbeat, corresponding to an estimated minute volume of 840 ml, which is comparable to that reported for the flying budgerigar. The amount of oxygen extracted by P. hastatus from a given volume of tidal air is also comparable to the efficiency of ventilation reported for this bird. 5. High hematocrit values of about 60%, and a high oxygen capacity of 27.5 vol % of P. hastatus blood, must represent important adaptations for enabling the flying bat to maintain such a high metabolic rate.

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