scholarly journals Wing hair sensilla underlying aimed hindleg scratching of the locust

2004 ◽  
Vol 207 (15) ◽  
pp. 2691-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Page
Keyword(s):  
Wing Hair ◽  
Hair Sensilla

scholarly journals Insect Wing Membrane Topography Is Determined by the Dorsal Wing Epithelium

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea D Belalcazar ◽  
Kristy Doyle ◽  
Justin Hogan ◽  
David Neff ◽  
Simon Collier
Keyword(s):  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Wing Membrane ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Membrane Topography ◽  
Wing Hair ◽  
Pcp Signaling ◽  
Multiple Cells

Abstract The Drosophila wing consists of a transparent wing membrane supported by a network of wing veins. Previously, we have shown that the wing membrane cuticle is not flat but is organized into ridges that are the equivalent of one wing epithelial cell in width and multiple cells in length. These cuticle ridges have an anteroposterior orientation in the anterior wing and a proximodistal orientation in the posterior wing. The precise topography of the wing membrane is remarkable because it is a fusion of two independent cuticle contributions from the dorsal and ventral wing epithelia. Here, through morphological and genetic studies, we show that it is the dorsal wing epithelium that determines wing membrane topography. Specifically, we find that wing hair location and membrane topography are coordinated on the dorsal, but not ventral, surface of the wing. In addition, we find that altering Frizzled Planar Cell Polarity (i.e., Fz PCP) signaling in the dorsal wing epithelium alone changes the membrane topography of both dorsal and ventral wing surfaces. We also examined the wing morphology of two model Hymenopterans, the honeybee Apis mellifera and the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. In both cases, wing hair location and wing membrane topography are coordinated on the dorsal, but not ventral, wing surface, suggesting that the dorsal wing epithelium also controls wing topography in these species. Because phylogenomic studies have identified the Hymenotera as basal within the Endopterygota family tree, these findings suggest that this is a primitive insect character.

Central Mechanism of Hearing in Insects

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOBUO SUGA ◽  
YASUJI KATSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Threshold Curve ◽  
Inhibitory Interaction ◽  
Response Range ◽  
Metathoracic Ganglion ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Prothoracic Ganglion ◽  
Tympanic Organ ◽  
Large Fibre ◽  
The Brain

1. The impulses from the tympanic organ are transmitted at the prothoracic ganglion to a central neuron, the auditory T large fibre, which lies in the cord between the brain and the metathoracic ganglion. The impulses in the T large fibre are conducted rostrally and caudally with the same discharge pattern. Information is sent up to the brain, and down to the metathoracic ganglion, after a delay of about 12 msec. 2. The impulses from the cercal hair sensilla are transmitted to two similar auditory C large fibres which lie in the cord between the metathoracic and last (6th) abdominal ganglia and are then sent up to the mesothoracic ganglia by other auditory large fibres. 3. Central inhibitory interaction between the impulses from the tympanic nerves of the two sides are shown by a marked increase of impulses in the T large fibre following section of one of the tympanic nerves. No inhibitory interaction is found between the impulses from the two cercal nerves. 4. The auditory T large fibre receives not only the excitatory effect from the ipsilateral tympanic nerve at the prothoracic ganglion, but also the inhibitory and weak excitatory effects from the contralateral one. 5. The response range of the T large fibre is narrower than the threshold curve of the tympanic nerve and corresponds with one type of response range in the tympanic neurons. The response ranges of the C large fibres correspond closely with the threshold curve of the cercal nerve. 6. A large difference in threshold between the two T large fibres is found in the response to sound incident from the side. The number of impulses in the T large fibre nearer to the sound source is greater than in that farther from the source. 7. The difference in the number of impulses between the two T large fibres is most marked in the response to sound of the frequency which is dominant in stridulation. This difference is due to the mutual inhibitory interaction of neurons which modifies the number of impulses without changing the threshold of the tympanic large fibre. 8. It is suggested that the central inhibitory interaction increases the information about a sound source and plays an important role in the mechanism of the directional sense. 9. The stridulation of the group activates the tympanic nerve and evokes synchronized discharge in the T large fibre, but scarcely at all in the primary C large fibre. The tympanic organ and its neural network seem well adapted to reception of stridulation. 10. It is concluded that though neither of the two sound receptive organs--the tympanic organ and the cercal hair sensilla--can perform frequency analysis, the insect may be able to do so by making use of both organs, since they have different frequency ranges and are served by different auditory large-fibre tracts.

Peripheral representation of antennal orientation by the scapal hair plate of the cockroach Periplaneta americana

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (24) ◽  
pp. 4301-4309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Okada ◽  
Y. Toh
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Basal Segment ◽  
Dynamic Phase ◽  
Hair Sensilla

SUMMARY Arthropods have hair plates that are clusters of mechanosensitive hairs, usually positioned close to joints, which function as proprioceptors for joint movement. We investigated how angular movements of the antenna of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) are coded by antennal hair plates. A particular hair plate on the basal segment of the antenna, the scapal hair plate, can be divided into three subgroups: dorsal, lateral and medial. The dorsal group is adapted to encode the vertical component of antennal direction, while the lateral and medial groups are specialized for encoding the horizontal component. Of the three subgroups of hair sensilla, those of the lateral scapal hair plate may provide the most reliable information about the horizontal position of the antenna, irrespective of its vertical position. Extracellular recordings from representative sensilla of each scapal hair plate subgroup revealed the form of the single-unit impulses in response to hair deflection. The mechanoreceptors were characterized as typically phasic-tonic. The tonic discharge was sustained indefinitely (>20 min) as long as the hair was kept deflected. The spike frequency in the transient (dynamic) phase was both velocity- and displacement-dependent, while that in the sustained (steady) phase was displacement-dependent.

scholarly journals RESPONSE PROPERTIES OF INTERNEURONS OF THE CRICKET CERCAL SENSORY SYSTEM ARE CONSERVED IN SPITE OF CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL RECEPTORS DURING MATURATION

1992 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA CHIBA ◽  
GÜNTER KÄMPER ◽  
R. K. MURPHEY
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Response Decrement ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Intensity Response ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Constant Output ◽  
Rate Of Response

During postembryonic development of the cricket, the total number of filiform hair sensilla in the cereal sensory system increases approximately 40-fold. In addition, individual receptor hairs grow in size, changing the transducer properties of the sensilla and, thereby, the information transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS) by the sensory neurons. Interneurons MGI and 10–3 receive monosynaptic inputs from these sensory neurons and send outputs to anterior ganglia. We show that, in spite of the changes in the periphery, the response properties of these interneurons are relatively constant during development. The two interneurons differ in their frequency response, intensity response and rate of response decrement. Their respective response properties are conserved during the postembryonic period. The results suggest that systematic rearrangement of the sensory neuron-to-interneuron synapses plays an important role in maintaining a constant output of this sensory system to higher centers of the CNS during maturation of the cricket.

Diet of spotted bats (Euderma maculatum) in Arizona as indicated by fecal analysis and stable isotopes

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Painter ◽  
C. L. Chambers ◽  
M. Siders ◽  
R. R. Doucett ◽  
J. O. Whitaker, Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Fecal Analysis ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
Wing Hair

We assessed diet of spotted bats ( Euderma maculatum (J.A. Allen, 1891)) by visual analysis of bat feces and stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis of bat feces, wing, hair, and insect prey. We collected 33 fecal samples from spotted bats and trapped 3755 insects where bats foraged. Lepidopterans averaged 99.6% of feces by volume; other insects were not a major component of diet. The δ13C and δ15N values of bat feces were similar to those of moths from families Noctuidae (N), Lasiocampidae (L), and Geometridae (G), but differed from Arctiidae (A) and Sphingidae (S). We used a mixing model to reconstruct diet; three families (N, L, G) represented the majority (88%–100%) of the diet with A + S representing 0%–12%. Although we compared δ13C and δ15N values of wing, hair, and feces of spotted bats, feces best represented recent diet; wing and hair were more enriched than feces by 3‰ and 6‰, respectively. This pattern was consistent with that reported for other bat species. We suggest that spotted bats persist across a wide latitudinal gradient partly because they can forage on a variety of noctuid, geometrid, and lasiocampid moths. Using visual fecal inspection with stable isotope analysis provided information on families of moths consumed by an uncommon bat species.

Sex Attractant System in Polia pisi L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 990-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Priesner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Pheromone Receptor ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Electrophysiological Analysis ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Electrophysiological analysis of olfactory hair sensilla in male P. pisi has revealed four different types of presumed pheromone receptor cells, maximally responsive to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac) and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12: Ac), respectively. These four compounds were tested, singly and in various combinations, for efficacy in attracting P. pisi males in the field. High trap catches were obtained with mixtures of Z11-14: Ac/Z9-14: Ac in the ratio 100/100, whereas the 100/30 and 30/100 mixtures of the two compounds were only slightly attractive. No male P. pisi were captured by single chemicals or binary combinations of Z11-14: Ac/Z11-16: Ac, Z11-14:Ac/Z7-12:Ac, Z9-14:Ac/Z11-16:Ac, Z9-14:Ac/Z7-12:Ac, or Z11-16:Ac/Z7-12:Ac. Various compounds, including Z11-16: Ac and Z7-12:Ac, were tried as third chemicals in addi­tion to 100 μg Z11-14: Ac + 100 μg Z9-14: Ac but none increased trap catches over the basic lure.

Ultrastructure of the peg and hair sensilla on the antenna of larvalAedes aegypti (L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Zacharuk ◽  
Sharon G. Blue
Keyword(s):  
Hair Sensilla

A Sex Attractant for the Pine Beauty Moth, Panolisflammed

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1000-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Priesner ◽  
Hermann Bogenschütz ◽  
Wolfgang Altenkirch ◽  
Heinrich Arn
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Pheromone Receptor ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate

Abstract Electrophysiological recordings from antennal hair sensilla of male P. flammea revealed two types (A, B) of presumed pheromone receptor cells. The A receptors responded max­ imally to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and the B cells to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate. In the field, a 100:5 mixture of the two compounds attracted 10 times more males than the (Z) -9 isomer alone.

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