Three-dimensional analysis of morphogenesis induced by mating pheromone alpha factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
M. Baba ◽  
N. Baba ◽  
Y. Ohsumi ◽  
K. Kanaya ◽  
M. Osumi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Alpha Factor ◽  
Intracellular Organelles

Ultrastructural analyses of cytoplasmic changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A (MATa) that had been treated with alpha factor were performed by using the freeze-substitution fixation method. After alpha factor treatment, cells exhibited a pointed projection, which is a unique pattern of oriented cell surface growth. The relationship between projection formation and intracellular organelles was examined using serial thin sections and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions. Using these analyses membrane vesicles and other organelles were detected, and studies on their dynamic structural reorganization became feasible. Production of membrane vesicles (average 65 nm in diameter) was induced upon exposure of the cells to alpha factor before projection emergence. The total number of membrane vesicles increased at the early stage and decreased at the late stage of projection formation. Three-dimensional analysis indicated that the vesicles were at first dispersed throughout the cell, then accumulated at the site where the projection formed. Morphological changes and multiplication of the Golgi body were seen during the process of projection formation. Other intracellular organelles (nucleus, vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria) were also rearranged, showing a polar organization of the cytoplasm during projection formation.

Three-dimensional analysis of intracellular organelles by cell shape difference with photo-micropatterning

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019.25 (0) ◽  
pp. 18A10
Author(s):  
Hotaka KOIWAI ◽  
Souta TAKIKAMI ◽  
Kazuki YOSHIDA ◽  
Kazuo YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Jun NAKANISHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Difference ◽  
Intracellular Organelles

Three-dimensional analysis of alveolar wall destruction in the early stage of pulmonary emphysema

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Kobayashi ◽  
Takeshi Uehara ◽  
Kenji Kawasaki ◽  
Mitsutoshi Sugano ◽  
Takehisa Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Alveolar Wall

scholarly journals Three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic spindle.

1995 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Winey ◽  
C L Mamay ◽  
E T O'Toole ◽  
D N Mastronarde ◽  
T H Giddings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Anaphase B

The three dimensional organization of microtubules in mitotic spindles of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined by computer-aided reconstruction from electron micrographs of serially cross-sectioned spindles. Fifteen spindles ranging in length from 0.6-9.4 microns have been analyzed. Ordered microtubule packing is absent in spindles up to 0.8 micron, but the total number of microtubules is sufficient to allow one microtubule per kinetochore with a few additional microtubules that may form an interpolar spindle. An obvious bundle of about eight interpolar microtubules was found in spindles 1.3-1.6 microns long, and we suggest that the approximately 32 remaining microtubules act as kinetochore fibers. The relative lengths of the microtubules in these spindles suggest that they may be in an early stage of anaphase, even though these spindles are all situated in the mother cell, not in the isthmus between mother and bud. None of the reconstructed spindles exhibited the uniform populations of kinetochore microtubules characteristic of metaphase. Long spindles (2.7-9.4 microns), presumably in anaphase B, contained short remnants of a few presumed kinetochore microtubules clustered near the poles and a few long microtubules extending from each pole toward the spindle midplane, where they interdigitated with their counterparts from the other pole. Interpretation of these reconstructed spindles offers some insights into the mechanisms of mitosis in this yeast.

scholarly journals A method for three-dimensional single-cell chronic electrophysiology from developing brain organoids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Le Floch ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Ren Liu ◽  
Kazi Tasnim ◽  
Siyuan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Stretchable Electrode ◽  
Brain Organoid

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids have shown great potential for studies of human brain development and neurological disorders. However, quantifying the evolution and development of electrical functions in brain organoids is currently limited by measurement techniques that cannot provide long-term stable three-dimensional (3D) bioelectrical interfaces with brain organoids during development. Here, we report a cyborg brain organoid platform, in which 2D progenitor or stem cell sheets can fold "tissue-like" stretchable mesh nanoelectronics through organogenesis, distributing stretchable electrode arrays across 3D organoids. The tissue-wide integrated stretchable electrode arrays show no interruption to neuronal differentiation, adapt to the volume and morphological changes during organogenesis, and provide long-term stable electrical contacts with neurons within brain organoids during development. The seamless and non-invasive coupling of electrodes to neurons enables a 6-month continuous recording of the same brain organoids and captures the emergence of single-cell action potentials from early-stage brain organoid development.

Three-dimensional analysis of protein aggregate body in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kamasawa ◽  
T. Yoshida ◽  
M. Ueda ◽  
A. Tanaka ◽  
M. Osumi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protein Aggregate

scholarly journals Kinetochore microtubules in PTK cells.

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
K L McDonald ◽  
E T O'Toole ◽  
D N Mastronarde ◽  
J R McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Computer Image Processing ◽  
Pericentriolar Material

We have analyzed the fine structure of 10 chromosomal fibers from mitotic spindles of PtK1 cells in metaphase and anaphase, using electron microscopy of serial thin sections and computer image processing to follow the trajectories of the component microtubules (MTs) in three dimensions. Most of the kinetochore MTs ran from their kinetochore to the vicinity of the pole, retaining a clustered arrangement over their entire length. This MT bundle was invaded by large numbers of other MTs that were not associated with kinetochores. The invading MTs frequently came close to the kinetochore MTs, but a two-dimensional analysis of neighbor density failed to identify any characteristic spacing between the two MT classes. Unlike the results from neighbor density analyses of interzone MTs, the distributions of spacings between kinetochore MTs and other spindle MTs revealed no evidence for strong MT-MT interactions. A three-dimensional analysis of distances of closest approach between kinetochore MTs and other spindle MTs has, however, shown that the most common distances of closest approach were 30-50 nm, suggesting a weak interaction between kinetochore MTs and their neighbors. The data support the ideas that kinetochore MTs form a mechanical connection between the kinetochore and the pericentriolar material that defines the pole, but that the mechanical interactions between kinetochore MTs and other spindle MTs are weak.

scholarly journals Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Morphological changes

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kay ◽  
S. C. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Spore Coat ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Filament Formation ◽  
Thin Sections

1. When Bacillus subtilis was grown in a medium in which sporulation occurred well-defined morphological changes were seen in thin sections of the cells. 2. Over a period of 7·5hr. beginning 2hr. after the initiation of sporulation the following major stages were observed: axial nuclear-filament formation, spore-septum formation, release of the fore-spore within the cell, development of the cortex around the fore-spore, the laying down of the spore coat and the completion of the corrugated spore coat before release of the spore from the mother cell. 3. The appearance of refractile bodies and 2,6-dipicolinic acid and the development of heat-resistance began between 5 and 6·5hr. after initiation of sporulation. 4. The appearance of 2,6-dipicolinic acid and the onset of refractility appeared to coincide with a diminution of electron density in the spore core and cortex. 5. Heat-resistance was associated with the terminal stage, the completion of the spore coat. 6. The spore coat was composed of an inner and an outer layer, each of which consisted of three or four electron-dense laminae. 7. Serial sections through cells at an early stage of sporulation showed that the membranes of each spore septum were always continuous with the membranes of a mesosome, which was itself in close contact with the bacterial or spore nucleoid. 8. These changes were correlated with biochemical events occurring during sporulation.

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