scholarly journals Sphingolipid organization in biomembranes: what physical studies of model membranes reveal

1998 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Model Membranes ◽  
Lipid Domains ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Physical Interactions

Recent cell biological studies suggest that sphingolipids and cholesterol may cluster in biomembranes to form raft-like microdomains. Such lipid domains are postulated to function as platforms involved in the lateral sorting of certain proteins during their trafficking within cells as well as during signal transduction events. Here, the physical interactions that occur between cholesterol and sphingolipids in model membrane systems are discussed within the context of microdomain formation. A model is presented in which the role of cholesterol is refined compared to earlier models.

scholarly journals On scattered waves and lipid domains: detecting membrane rafts with X-rays and neutrons

Soft Matter ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (47) ◽  
pp. 9055-9072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Marquardt ◽  
Frederick A. Heberle ◽  
Jonathan D. Nickels ◽  
Georg Pabst ◽  
John Katsaras
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Membrane Rafts ◽  
Lipid Domains ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Mesoscopic Structure

In order to understand the biological role of lipids in cell membranes, it is necessary to determine the mesoscopic structure of well-defined model membrane systems.

scholarly journals Correction: Effect of dibucaine hydrochloride on raft-like lipid domains in model membrane systems

MedChemComm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-733
Author(s):  
Kazunari Yoshida ◽  
Akito Takashima ◽  
Izumi Nishio
Keyword(s):  
Model Membrane ◽  
Lipid Domains ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Correction Effect

scholarly journals Effect of dibucaine hydrochloride on raft-like lipid domains in model membrane systems

MedChemComm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1444-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Yoshida ◽  
Akito Takashima ◽  
Izumi Nishio
Keyword(s):  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Lipid Domains ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Physicochemical Mechanism

To clarify the biophysical and/or physicochemical mechanism of anaesthesia, we investigated the influence of dibucaine hydrochloride (DC·HCl), a local anaesthetic, on raft-like domains in ternary liposomes composed of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol (Chol).

Photophysical properties of pheophorbide a in solution and in model membrane systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATE RÖDER ◽  
TH. HANKE ◽  
ST. OELCKERS ◽  
ST. HACKBARTH ◽  
CH. SYMIETZ
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Model Membranes ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Pheophorbide A ◽  
Photodynamic Treatment ◽  
New Findings

Pheophorbide a (Pheo) is a well-known hydrophobic photosensitizer used for photodynamic treatment of various diseases. The influence of the surroundings on the electronic properties of photosensitizers mainly accumulating in membrane structures is of relevance for their photoactivity. In this paper the current knowledge about the electronic properties of Pheo in different microheterogeneous environments is summarized and new findings about its incorparation in different model membranes are discussed.

scholarly journals Glycoalkaloids: Structure, Properties, and Interactions with Model Membrane Systems

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishal Nepal ◽  
Keith J. Stine
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Structure Properties

The glycoalkaloids which are secondary metabolites from plants have proven to be of significant interest for their biological properties both in terms of their roles in plant biology and the effects they exhibit when ingested by humans. The main feature of the action of glycoalkaloids is their strong binding to 3β-hydroxysterols, such as cholesterol, to form complexes with the consequence that membrane structure is significantly perturbed, and leakage or release of contents inside cells or liposomes becomes possible. The glycoalkaloids have been studied for their ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and in other roles such as vaccine adjuvants and as synergistic agents when combined with other therapeutics. The glycoalkaloids have rich and complex physical behavior when interacting with model membranes for which many aspects are yet to be understood. This review introduces the general properties of glycoalkaloids and aspects of their behavior, and then summarizes their effects against model membrane systems. While there are many glycoalkaloids that have been identified, most physical or biological studies have focused on the readily available ones from tomatoes (α-tomatine), potatoes (α-chaconine and α-solanine), and eggplant (α-solamargine and α-solasonine).

scholarly journals Roles of pRB in the Regulation of Nucleosome and Chromatin Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiharu Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Induce Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Histone Modifiers ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Functional Inactivation

Retinoblastoma protein (pRB) interacts with E2F and other protein factors to play a pivotal role in regulating the expression of target genes that induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation. pRB controls the local promoter activity and has the ability to change the structure of nucleosomes and/or chromosomes via histone modification, epigenetic changes, chromatin remodeling, and chromosome organization. Functional inactivation of pRB perturbs these cellular events and causes dysregulated cell growth and chromosome instability, which are hallmarks of cancer cells. The role of pRB in regulation of nucleosome/chromatin structures has been shown to link to tumor suppression. This review focuses on the ability of pRB to control nucleosome/chromatin structures via physical interactions with histone modifiers and chromatin factors and describes cancer therapies based on targeting these protein factors.

scholarly journals cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Valentina Lodde ◽  
Piero Morandini ◽  
Alex Costa ◽  
Irene Murgia ◽  
Ignacio Ezquer
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Ros Signaling ◽  
Reproductive Processes

This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca2+ in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca2+ signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. In the plant science field, during the last decades, new techniques have facilitated the in vivo monitoring of ROS signaling cascades. We will describe these powerful techniques in plants and compare them to those existing in animals. Development of new analytical techniques will facilitate the understanding of ROS signaling and their signal transduction pathways in plants and mammals. Many among those signaling pathways already have been studied in animals; therefore, a specific effort should be made to integrate this knowledge into plant biology. We here discuss examples of how changes in the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways can affect differentiation processes in plants, focusing specifically on reproductive processes where the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways influence the gametophyte functioning, sexual reproduction, and embryo formation in plants and animals. The study field regarding the role of ROS and Ca2+ in signal transduction is evolving continuously, which is why we reviewed the recent literature and propose here the potential targets affecting ROS in reproductive processes. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative developmental studies and experimental approaches into studies on the role of ROS/ Ca2+ in both plant and animal developmental biology studies, to further elucidate these crucial signaling pathways.

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