scholarly journals Towards improved animal models of neonatal white matter injury associated with cerebral palsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 678-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Silbereis ◽  
E. J. Huang ◽  
S. A. Back ◽  
D. H. Rowitch
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
White Matter Injury

scholarly journals Hemiplegic (unilateral) cerebral palsy in northern Stockholm: clinical assessment, brain imaging, EEG, epilepsy and aetiologic background factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Tillberg ◽  
Bengt Isberg ◽  
Jonas K. E. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to describe clinical presentation, epilepsy, EEG, extent and site of the underlying cerebral lesion with special reference towards aetiologic background factors in a population-based group of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methods Forty-seven children of school- age, fulfilling the SPCE (Surveillance of Cerebral palsy in Europe)-criteria of hemiplegic cerebral palsy, identified via the Swedish cerebral palsy register, were invited and asked to participate in the study. Results Fifteen boys and six girls participated. Of the sixteen children born at term, five had no risk factors for cerebral palsy. Two out of five preterm children presented additional risk factors. Debut of motor impairment was observed in the first year of life in sixteen children. Age at diagnosis varied from 2 months to 6 years. Epilepsy was common and associated with grey- and white matter injury. Conclusions Recognizing the importance of risk factors for cerebral palsy, any child with these risk factors should be offered a check-up by a paediatrician or a paediatric neurologist. Thereby reducing diagnostic delay. Epilepsy is common in hemiplegic cerebral palsy and associated with grey- and white matter injury in this cohort.

scholarly journals White Matter Injury Correlates with Hypertonia in an Animal Model of Cerebral Palsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Drobyshevsky ◽  
Matthew Derrick ◽  
Alice Mary Wyrwicz ◽  
Xinhai Ji ◽  
Ila Englof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Injury

The optimal choices of animal models of white matter injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zeng ◽  
Huiqing Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Large Animal Models

AbstractWhite matter injury, the most common neurological injury in preterm infants, is a major cause of chronic neurological morbidity, including cerebral palsy. Although there has been great progress in the study of the mechanism of white matter injury in newborn infants, its pathogenesis is not entirely clear, and further treatment approaches are required. Animal models are the basis of study in pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of white matter injury in preterm infants. Various species have been used to establish white matter injury models, including rodents, rabbits, sheep, and non-human primates. Small animal models allow cost-effective investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms, while large animal models are particularly attractive for pathophysiological and clinical-translational studies. This review focuses on the features of commonly used white matter injury animal models, including their modelling methods, advantages, and limitations, and addresses some clinically relevant animal models that allow reproduction of the insults associated with clinical conditions that contribute to white matter injury in human infants.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns of Whole Brain Grey and White Matter Injury in Patients with Occult Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e100451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuetao Mu ◽  
Binbin Nie ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Shaofeng Duan ◽  
Zan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Whole Brain

Abstract 3575: Oligodendrocyte Proliferation and Improved Myelination Following Human Embryonic-Derived Neural Stem Cell Treatment in an Experimental Model of Cerebral Palsy

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tenille Smith ◽  
Sahar Rosenblum ◽  
Nancy Wang ◽  
Sam Lawrence ◽  
Kendrick Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of motor disability in children, and chronic deficits are associated with white matter injury. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic insults, an important cause of CP, induce oligodendrocyte apoptosis and impair normal myelin development. No CP treatments target myelination making regenerative medicine a promising research frontier. We investigated the effect of human embryonic-derived neural stem cell (NSC) treatment on oligodendrocytes and myelination following hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Methods: Neonatal Wistar rat pups underwent left CCA ligation followed by placement in 8% O2 at 37°C on post-natal day 7 (P7). Following T2w MRI on P9, immunosuppressed pups received intra-arterial transplant of 500k fLuc/eGFP transduced NSCs or saline on P10. BrdU was administered intraperitoneally from P11 - P18. In vivo bioluminescence images (BLI) were obtained 1 - 10 days (d) after injection. Myelination was evaluated using luxol fast blue (LFB) and myelin basic protein (MBP) staining 10 and 30 d after treatment. Oligodendrogenesis was quantified using BrdU staining in conjunction with Olig2, NG2, and CC1. RT-qPCR was performed on neonatal brain isolates and NSC mRNA. Luminex immunological assay was used to quantify NSC protein secretion. Functional recovery was assessed using the novel object recognition (NOR) task at P30. Results: Stroke size between groups was not significantly different 3, 10, and 30 d after treatment. BLI demonstrated significant NSC homing to the ischemic hemisphere days 1 - 7 (p=0.001) after transplant. Histology confirmed initial NSC localization to corpus callosum and cortex with migration into external capsule and corona radiata 30 d after transplant. NSC-treated pups had significantly more BrdU+ cells near the lateral ventricle (p=0.036) and in the corpus callosum (p=0.020) than controls. In addition to more Olig2+ and NG2+ cells in the striatum, NSC-treated pups had significantly more BrdU+/Olig2+ cells in the corpus callosum (p<0.05) than controls 30 d after treatment. LFB and MBP staining demonstrated greater myelination 10 and 30 d after treatment in corpus callosum (p=0.022, p<0.05) and striatum (p=0.017, p=0.001) of NSC-treated pups. Stat3 (2.82), IL-6 (1.48), and IL-6Rβ (1.73) mRNA was upregulated in the brains of NSC-treated pups. Proteomic and mRNA data confirm NSC expression of VEGF (17.9pg/mL, 4.35) and CXCL1 (3.6pg/mL, 10.27). NSC-treated pups performed better on NOR (p=0.016). Conclusions: Intra-arterial NSC transplant after hypoxia-ischemia results in NSC engraftment into white matter tracts, increased oligodendrocyte proliferation, and improved myelination. NSC-derived proteins may drive the distinct changes in gene expression occurring in the brain after NSC treatment and may mediate functional recovery via activation of endogenous self-repair mechanisms, including oligodendrogenesis.

The Origin of the Cerebral Palsies: Contribution of Population-Based Neuroimaging Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronka Horber ◽  
Elodie Sellier ◽  
Karen Horridge ◽  
Gija Rackauskaite ◽  
Guro L. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Imaging Classification

Abstract Background Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe (SCPE) presents the first population-based results on neuroimaging findings in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using a magnetic resonance imaging classification system (MRICS). Method MRIs of children with CP born between 1999 and 2009 from 18 European countries were analyzed. MRICS identifies patterns of brain pathology according to timing during brain development which was analyzed with respect to CP subtypes and gestational age. Results MRIs or written reports from 3,818 children were available. The main clinical characteristics were similar to the 5,415 without such data. Most frequent was predominant white matter injury (49%), followed by predominant gray matter injury (21%). Maldevelopments were found in 11% of cases. Miscellaneous findings were present in 8.5% and normal findings in 10.6%. MRI patterns of children with unilateral spastic, bilateral spastic, and dyskinetic CP were mainly lesional (77, 71, and 59%, respectively), whereas children with ataxic CP had more maldevelopments, miscellaneous, and normal findings (25, 21, and 32%, respectively). In children born preterm, predominant white matter injury was most prevalent (80% in children born <32 weeks of gestation). Conclusion Analysis of MRI in the European CP database identified CP as a mainly lesional condition on a large population basis, maldevelopments were relatively uncommon. An exception was ataxic CP. Children born preterm mostly presented with a lesion typical for their gestational age (GA) at birth. The decreasing prevalence of CP in this group suggests that progress in perinatal and neonatal medicine may lead to a reduction of these lesions.

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